Salvia officinalis L. is a Mediterranean species, naturalized in many countries. The composition of essential oil isolated from Salvia officinalis L, wild growing in Libya, was analyzed. In this study, essential oils from fresh and dry leaves of Salvia officinalis L, Libya, were extracted with ethanol, hexane or chloroform as solvents using Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Each solvent showed differences in the extraction yields between fresh and dry leaves. Physical constants of the extracts were shown variation in color, viscosity, density, PH and percentage of production between fresh and dry leaves for each solvent. GC-MS results showed that ethanol could extract the most compounds compared to hexane and chloroform from both fresh and dry leaves. In total 41, 28 and 31 compounds were identified in the essential oils of fresh and dry leaves of Salvia officinalis L using ethanol, hexane or chloroform respectively. For each solvent the number of compounds extracted from dry leaves was bigger than the number extracted from fresh leaves. arabic 33 English 104
ABUBAKER A BASHIR ATRROG, abdunnaser mohamed mohamed megrahi, Fathia Mousa H Altalhi(4-2018)

Abstract: Rheological properties of Gum Habeil collected during three seasons had been studied. Intrinsic viscosity of aqueous solution of Gum Habeil was calculated by Fedor's equation. At a low concentration of aqueous deacetylated gum solution, the G' (viscoelastic) was appeared higher than G'' (viscosity) at frequency ranged from 1 to 10 Hz, but with increases concentration of deacetylated gum solutions G'' line was trend to appear higher than G' line at low frequency region. However, a crossover of G' and G'' lines was observed as the frequencies increased to 1.26, 3.97, and 9.99 Hz for 1.5, 3, and 5% w/w of gum solutions respectively. The concentrated crude gum dispersions 12.5 and 15% w/w were exhibited viscoelastic behavior, in contrast the 10% w/w of crud gum solution in distilled water appeared G'' higher than G' with the crosslink points at the middle of frequency range. The critical concentration C* of deacetylated gum solutions in deionized water, in sodium hydroxide alone, and in alkali with addition salt were determined to be 2.34, 2.37, and 2.41 g/dl respectively. The effect of temperature on rheological behavior was also studied. arabic 8 English 57
Aborawi M. Elgornazi, M. H. Awad, Nouri M. A. Soleiman(2-2020)

أجري هذا البحث لتقدير فيتامين C في العصائر الطازجة لبعض عينات الليمون والبرتقال المحلي، وتم تقدير تركيز الفيتامين بطريقة المعايرة باستخدام محلول اليود القياسي وأظهرت نتائج هذا البحث أن كمية الفيتامين تختلف باختلاف العينة وحتى في عينات نفس النوع حيث وجد أن تركيز فيتامين C بوحدة mg/100ml لعينتين من نفس النوع للبرتقال الدمي (37- 76 ) وبرتقال أبوسرة (33- 64 ) وللبرتقال الحلو (28-40 ) ولليوسفي ( 17-28 ) وللبرتقال المر (24.7-48 ) وللبرتقال الحامض (31- 58 ) والليمون ( 21-41 ). وأعلى تركيز كان لعينة البرتقال الدمي وأقل تركيز لعينة الليمون.
عزالدين ابوشلوع(6-2021)