Abstract Traditional compact urban fabric patterns is type of urban fabric that characterized by its organic structure integrated with the natural environment. The building blocks in this type are attached interspersed with interior courtyards within and between buildings. Streets and alleys are narrow, not straightforward and with closed endings. This system is common in the old traditional cities. Traditional compact urban fabric is classified according to the traffic network into forked or regular this research deals with the study and analysis of the concept of traditional compact urban fabric from the social perspective. It is a study of the social aspects affecting and affected by the built environment related to daily life within the prevailing social systems which is a man-made laws laid down by a group of people to organize their lives. Due to the multiplicity of the fields of social system, the researcher identified systems that are thought to have a clear impact on the built environment in the study area, which are the tribal system, the family system and the management of traditional community (Alhessbah and Aezzabah) The old town of Jadu was chosen as a case study. The study addresses the following issues. First- the concept and the characteristics of traditional compact urban fabric, were defined through the study of historical examples. Secondly - the physical structure of traditional compact urban fabric and the impact of social factors in the formation of this structure. Thirdly, field study which limited to the old town of Jadu which consists of two neighborhoods Tarkeen and Amgail. The porpose of field study is to analyze the impact of specific social systems on the built environment in the study area
نادية خليفة الحارس (2014)

Abstract The research discusses the passive solar energy in cooling the internal gaps, using architectural and urban techniques In the traditional architecture In Libya, aiming to reach to required thermal comfort for humans, particularly in the high temperature areas, It could be done through four chapters in the research, so that shall contain a part of the research content, in addition to results and recommendation, so that shell discuss: First chapter: whereas the research discusses the study of climate elements, which are considered as the most effecting factors on thermal comfort, plus demonstration of climate and climate regions in Libya. Thereafter, the study of traditional architecture in different regions of Libya (cost, mountains, desert), clarification of their most important characteristics and features at architect and urban levels, used materials and methods of construction of the same, then comparison of regions to reach to features of each region. Second chapter: this chapter shall discuss study of humans comfort, and sources of thermal gain and loss between the human body and its ambient, especially by climate factors, the most significant study of thermal gain and loss sources of the building form the direct sun rays, via walls and roofs and movement of the air. Third chapter: the sun rays are deemed the most important climate elements effecting the architectural and urban, which generate other climate elements, such as air movement and humidity …etc, which in turn impact the human thermal comfort. Thus, this chapter focused on study of passive cooling techniques, using urban and architectural technologies, to limit the effect of sun rays, prior to its reach to the building, or to limit its penetration through walls and roofs, passing by historical stops of using passive cooling techniques. Fourth chapter: Addresses this chapter analytical study applied to the methods and techniques of cooling using solar energy passive in traditional architecture, by examining and analyzing the most important of these techniques and treatments Urban and architectural in different regions (coastal, mountain, desert) and benefit from and applied in the local architecture. Finally: the search to a set of findings and recommendations to the effect that he must return to traditional architecture and technologies and processes and take advantage of them to maintain the legacies of urban and architectural history, and development in the local construction and architecture.
يوسف مفتاح الهمالي (2013)

ﻟﻘﺩ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﻪ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ، ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻜﺎﺌﺯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل، ﻭﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﺯﺨﺭ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺜﺭﻭﺍﺕ ﻫﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺯﺍل ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻭﻴﺎﺕ، ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﻓﺭﺼﺔ ﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺨﻁﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺨﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ. ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺒﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺤﺩﻯ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺸﻔﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺼﺭﻭﺤﻬﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺸﻭﻴﻬﻬﺎ ﻭﻁﻤﺱ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﻤﻬﺎ .ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺫﻫﺎﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻜﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺹ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ. ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺩﺜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻴﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺱ ﺭﺍﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺒﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ "ﻗﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ ﻟﺴﺒﺘﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺴﻴﻔﻴﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺭﺡ ﺍﻷﻏﺴﻁﻲ "ﻜﻤﺜﺎل ﺠﻴﺩ ﻭﺁﺨﺭ ﺴﻴﺊ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ، ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺩﻱ ﻨﺠﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻼﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﹰ، ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻴﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﻜﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺱ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ، ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ، ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻗﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ، ﻭﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻤﻡ، ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ، ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﻓﻭﻓﻕ ﺃﻱ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺎﻴل .ﻭﺘﺨﺘﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﻭﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺸل ﺍﻟﺫﺭﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻤﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺴﻭﺨﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﻗﺩﺓ ﻟﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ، ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺨﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ
ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﻭﻱ (2013)