تشيرتقارير بعض الخبراء الى ان التعامل مع مبادرات الحكومة اإللكترونية على إنها فوضوية و ال يمكن السيطرة عليها، على موخرا على المستويات المختلفة للحكومات والمؤسسات األكاديمية والمؤتمرات الدوليةى حول الرغم من المبادرات العديدة الحكومة اإللكترونية. تطرح انظمة الحكومة اإللكترونية عددا من التحديات لفرق الدعم اإلداري المشرفة على هده االنظمة، لمساعدة هذه الفرق تصف الورقة المراحل المختلفة لعملية تطوير الحكومة اإللكترونية وتقترح نموذج "مراحل النمو" لتحقبق حكومة اإللكترونية مكتملة الوظائف. مواقع حكومية مختلفة، وبعض مبادرات الحكومات اإللكترونية ذات الصلة تساعد في تفسير هذا النمودج . هذه المراحل تطهرالتحول المتعدد داخل الهيكلية الحكومية ووظائفها، في ذات الوقت الذي يتم فيه التحول إلى الحكومة اإللكترونية من خالل كل مرحلة كما توضح التحديات التكنولوجية والتنظيمية لكل مرحلة
عبدالمنعم عمر احمد الاسود(1-2020)

Epidemics control is a continues struggle. In this paper is an attempt to model and then simulate an epidemiological disease known as Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), which is currently affecting large communities in Libya. The model is developed to facilitate the Agent Based Models (ABM) as one of the many tools applied for epidemiological management. Validation of the model is considered by comparing the model's behavior with a trend of field data used by Libyan authorities. The methodology used for describing and designing CL model is derived from nature of the disease mechanisms. The ABM model involves three types of agents: Human, Rodent and Sand-fly. Each agent has its own properties. Additionally, global model parameters are used for following the human infection processes. Several experiments are given for illustrating the model performance, and monitor the number of people infected. Simulation results show that active human agents are more vulnerable to sand-fly bites, and infection rate is increasing or decreasing dependent on number of sand-fly vectors, number of host rodents, and human population awareness level. arabic 9 English 68
Rudwan A. Husain, Hala Shaari, Marwa Solla, Hassan A. H. Ebrahem(3-2019)

Transliteration is the process of representing words of one language into another using corresponding equivalent phonemes. For example, “Mohammed”, “Mohammad”, or “Muhammed” are three valid transliterations to the Arabic proper noun “محمد”. Transliteration from Arabic to English usually results in several different versions for the same Arabic name causing some names to have more than 40 different versions. Finding transliterated names is a problem in most languages. In English, this problem has been studied by researchers and many techniques have been developed to find transliterated names referring to the same foreign name. Techniques such as string matching and phonetic matching have been used to find similar names. However, some of these techniques were designed to find similar names of English origin and not a specific transliterated names. In this paper we review current techniques used to find variants of the same name and introduce a new technique we specifically developed to find transliterated Arabic names in English text. We developed a data set of more than 25,000 transliterated Arabic names and tested the effectiveness of current and the new technique on finding 115 names within that list. Our results show that our technique is superior to all other techniques. We also present an online system that we developed to find transliterated Arabic names on the web using our technique. arabic 8 English 57
Abdusalam F. Ahmad Nwesri, Nabila Al-Mabrouk S. Shinbir(9-2009)