An outbreak of gout was investigated in a growing layers farm of 45000 birds located in Tripoli, Libya. Mortality was commenced at 39 days-old reaching to a total of 489 birds within 10 days. Post mortem was conducted and kidney tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin prior to processing. Feed samples were sent to the Animal Nutrition Department for analysis which revealed 23.47% crude protein and 3.5% calcium. Gross lesions comprised of deposition of chalky white material covering the pericardium and enlarged kidneys with necrotic foci, hemorrhage and nephrosis. Most of birds showed swollen ureter of one or both sides. Histopathologically, severe damage of tubules characterized by moderate to severe tubular dilation and necrosis and central bluish gouty deposition surrounded by radiations of needle like urate crystals followed by granulomatous reaction of lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts. The collecting renal tubules, urinephric ducts and ureters were also filled by gouty deposits with epithelial hyperplastic changes and chronic inflammatory cellular reaction in their walls. The interstitial tissue showed edema, congestion, hemorrhage and lymphomononuclear cell infiltration. This gout outbreak in growing layers is attributed to high concentration of crude protein and calcium in diet.
Ibrahim Eldaghayes(1-2010)

Marine macroalgae are considered as an excellent source of bioactive compounds which has a broad range of biological activities including antibacterial and antioxidant. Crude methanolic and water extracts of 19 marine algal species (6 Chlorophyta, 8 Phaeophyta and 5 Rhodophyta) collected from the western coast of Libya were evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (4 Gram-positive, 4 Gram-nega- tive). The extracts showed a significant antibacterial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus spp., and Staphylococcus epidermidis) as well as Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas aerugi- nosa). The algal aqueous and methanolic extracts displayed different degrees of antimicrobial activities against different bacteria, in some cases methanolic extracts showed higher antibacterial activity than aqueous extracts. Among tested algae, Brown algae namely Cystoseira crinite exhibited the highest antibacterial activity among tested algal species.
Salah M. Azwai(1-2013)

Sporadic outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) have occurred in Libya for almost fifty years. During the spring of 2013, a countrywide serosurvey was undertaken to assess the level of FMD virus circulation and identify FMD virus serotypes in the country. A total of 4221 sera were collected, comprising samples from large ruminants (LR; n=1428 samples from 357 farms) and small ruminants (SR; n=2793 samples from 141 farms). FMD sero-prevalence of NSP antibodies determined by ELISA were 19.0% (271/1428) with 95% CI (16.9 – 21.0) and 13.5% (378/2793) with 95% CI (12.3 – 14.8) for LR and SR samples, respectively. The sero-prevalence of NSP antibodies in LR was 12.3% and 19.8% for age group < 1 year and ≥ 1 year, respectively (X2= 4.95, P= 0.026), while in SR was 3.7%, 13.6% and 21.3% for age group < 1 year, 1-2 year and > 2 year, respectively (X2= 118.1, P= 0.000). These observed NSP serologic profiles support the hypothesis of an endemic level of FMD circulation in Libya. All positive sera were tested for SP antibodies for O, A and SAT-2 FMD virus serotypes. Serotype O was the dominant circulating serotype followed by serotype A, while evidence of SAT-2 was not found. These data provide an insight into the wider epidemiology of FMD in Libya, and contribute to field and laboratory investigations that during 2013 serotype O (O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage) was isolated from clinical samples collected from the country.
Ibrahim Eldaghayes(1-2017)