Salvia officinalis L. is a Mediterranean species, naturalized in many countries. The composition of essential oil isolated from Salvia officinalis L, wild growing in Libya, was analyzed. In this study, essential oils from fresh and dry leaves of Salvia officinalis L, Libya, were extracted with ethanol, hexane or chloroform as solvents using Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Each solvent showed differences in the extraction yields between fresh and dry leaves. Physical constants of the extracts were shown variation in color, viscosity, density, PH and percentage of production between fresh and dry leaves for each solvent. GC-MS results showed that ethanol could extract the most compounds compared to hexane and chloroform from both fresh and dry leaves. In total 41, 28 and 31 compounds were identified in the essential oils of fresh and dry leaves of Salvia officinalis L using ethanol, hexane or chloroform respectively. For each solvent the number of compounds extracted from dry leaves was bigger than the number extracted from fresh leaves. arabic 33 English 104
ABUBAKER A BASHIR ATRROG, abdunnaser mohamed mohamed megrahi, Fathia Mousa H Altalhi(4-2018)

Here we describe the electroless deposition of Cu-Ag alloys in deep eutectic solvents using a variety of electrochemical and surface analysis techniques to determine the mechanism of alloy deposition and composition of deposits. The influence of various conditions on electroless deposition and the morphology of the deposit layers have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDX). The electrochemical behaviour of pure copper, pure silver and Cu-Ag alloys was studied at various working electrodes by cyclic voltammetry. The use of (EQCM) electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance is shown to be very dependent upon the concentration of ions in solution. the cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of Cu-Ag alloys is about 99%.
Abubker ebrahim abubker alhaji(12-2018)

Real life conversations do not include formal spoken interactions all the time; learning to use slang will help convergence, divergence, and maintenance, which constitute speech accommodation theory. Convergence is “accommodation towards the speech of one’s interlocutors” (Meyerhoff, 2006, p. 307). In other words, how individuals are familiarized to each other’s linguistic features during speech. In the case of ELLs, they needed to gain social approval in their new community, which makes convergence occur. They use slang to maintain their social approval and construct their identity. Their convergence is downward convergence since they use slang to belong to their school community arabic 5 English 41
Entisar ALi Hadi Elsherif, Nadia Abdurrahman A. Nsir(1-2021)