ﺗم ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ﺣﺎﺟز اﻷﻣواج اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻟﻣﯾﻧﺎء طراﺑﻠس اﻟﺑﺣري ﺑوﺿﻌﻪ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺗرة اﻟﺳﺑﻌﯾﻧﯾﺎت ﺟراء اﻟﻌواﺻف اﻟﺗﻲ اﺟﺗﺎﺣت اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﺧﻼل ﺑداﯾﺔ ،وﺑﻣﺟرد اﻧﺗﻬﺎﺋﻪ ﺗﻌرض اﻟﺣﺎﺟز ﻷﺿرار ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﻣﺛل ﻓﻲ ﺳوء ﺗﻘدﯾر ،ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻟﻘﺻور اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم،ﻣﻣﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ اﻧﻬﯾﺎر ﺑﻌض أﺟزاﺋﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣل،اﻟﺛﻣﺎﻧﯾﻧﺎت إﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺧﻠف اﻟﻧﺗوءات اﻟﺻﺧرﯾﺔ ، وﺗﻐﯾﯾر ﻣوﺿﻊ اﻟﺣﺎﺟز ﻣن ﻣﺳﺎرﻩ اﻟﺳﺎﺑق ،اﻟﻣوﺟﺔ اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺣﯾداﻟﺑﺣري. إﻻ ، وﻓﻘﺎً ﻹﻋﺎدة ﺗﻘﯾﯾم اﻟظروف اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ،ﺗم إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﺣﺎﺟز 1982وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ﻣﻣﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ،ﺳﻧﺔ 17 أن أﻋﻣﺎل إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺄﻫﯾل اﻟﺣﺎﺟز ﻟم ﺗﻧﻔد ﻟﻣدة زادت ﻋن ، ز ﯾﺎدة ﺣﺟم اﻷﺿرار ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺗم إﻋﺎدة ، ﻟم ﯾﻌدﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺎً ﻟوﺿﻊ اﻟﺣﺎﺟز ﺣﯾﻧﻬﺎ 1982 إﻟﻰ اﻟﺣد اﻟذي أﻋﺗﺑرﻣﻌﻪ أن ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻋﺎم ﺗﺄﺧرت ﻣﺟدداً إﻟﻰ ،وﺗﻧﻔﯾذ اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ، إﻻ أن أﻋﻣﺎل إﻋﺎدة اﻹﻧﺷﺎء ،1999 اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ﺳﻧﺔ أﺧرى، وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﻫذﻩ اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻟﺗﻘﯾﯾم ﻣدى ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ 11 أي ﻟﺣواﻟﻲ ،2010ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺎم ﺳواءً ﻣن ﺣﯾث اﺧﺗﻼف ﻣﺣددات اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم ،ﺗﺻﺎﻣﯾم اﻟﻣﺷروع ﻟﻠﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋم ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ اﻟﺣﺎﺟز ﺣﺎﻟﯾﺎً أو درﺟﺔ ﺗدﻫور اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺎﺟز، وﻗد ﺗم ذﻟك ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻣﺟﻣﻌﺔ و اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم . ﺑﻣﺎ ﺗم ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻌﻪ ﻣن ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﺎﻟﯾﺔ ،1999 اﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺷروع ﻋﺎم و ﺧﻠﺻت اﻟدراﺳﺔ، إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻣﻌطﯾﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺑﻧﯾت ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ ﻣﺣددات اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ وﺧﺻوﺻﺎً اﻟﻣوﺟﺔ اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﯾﺔ ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲﻣراﺟﻌﺗﻬﺎ ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﻣﺎ ﻫو ﻣﺗﺎح ﻣن ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻧﺎﺧﯾﺔ ﺟدﯾدة، ﻛﻣﺎ أن طرق وﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﻣﻘﺗرﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻧﺎﺻر اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﻟم ﺗﻌد ﻛﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﻟﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﺗﻪ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر ﻣن أﺿرار. Abstract Been implemented breakwater's main port of Tripoli Maritime as it now stands during the seventies, and once it had completed was the barrier to damage, due to the storms that swept the region during the early eighties, which led to the collapse of some of its parts in full, as a result of inadequate design, of miscalculation wave design, and change position of the barrier from the previous track, behind the rocky outcrops, to the edge of the reef. In 1982 was the redesign of the barrier, according to a re-evaluation of the climatic conditions of the region, but the rehabilitation work on the barrier does not run out for a period in excess of 17 years, leading to increase the size of the damage, to the extent that I consider him that the design of 1982 is no longer appropriate for the development of barrier timely, therefore, been re-design in 1999, but that the work of re-construction, and implement the necessary reforms, delayed again to the beginning of the year 2010, ie about 11 years old again, and therefore this study was to assess the adequacy of project designs for the case of art based upon the barrier currently, both in terms of different design parameters or the degree of deterioration of the concrete elements of the barrier, has been done by comparing the data collected and the final design of the project in 1999, what has been compiled from the current dat The study concluded, that the data upon which the determinants of basic design, especially the wave design should be reviewed through the availability of a new climate data, and methods and the amount of proposed reforms of the concrete elements are no longer sufficient for the language of these elements of damage
أكرم البشير الشتيوي (2011)

Concrete is a material that is widely used in the construction market due to its availability and cost, although it is prone to fracture formation. Therefore, there has been a surge in interest in self-healing materials, particularly self-healing capabilities in green and sustainable concrete materials, with a focus on different techniques offered by dozens of researchers worldwide in the last two decades. However, it is difficult to choose the most effective approach because each research institute employs its own test techniques to assess healing efficiency. Self-healing concrete (SHC) has the capacity to heal and lowers the requirement to locate and repair internal damage (e.g., cracks) without the need for external intervention. This limits reinforcement corrosion and concrete deterioration, as well as lowering costs and increasing durability. Given the merits of SHCs, this article presents a thorough review on the subject, considering the strategies, influential factors, mechanisms, and efficiency of self-healing. This literature review also provides critical synopses on the properties, performance, and evaluation of the self-healing efficiency of SHC composites. In addition, we review trends of development in research toward a broad understanding of the potential application of SHC as a superior concrete candidate and a turning point for developing sustainable and durable concrete composites for modern construction today. Further, it can be imagined that SHC will enable builders to construct buildings without fear of damage or extensive maintenance. Based on this comprehensive review, it is evident that SHC is a truly interdisciplinary hotspot research topic integrating chemistry, microbiology, civil engineering, material science, etc. Furthermore, limitations and future prospects of SHC, as well as the hotspot research topics for future investigations, are also successfully highlighted.
Hakim S. Abdelgader (4-2022)

تسهم المنصات النفطية البحرية في إمداد العالم بجزء كبير من حاجته من النفط ، ويعتبر النفط القابع في أسفل مياه البحار والمحيطات كنزاً هائلاً ،وشهد العالم تطورا واسعا في هذا الميدان بسبب الحاجة المتنامية شيئاً فشيئا إلى مصادر الطاقة وبالرغم من أن عمليات حفر الآبار تحت المياه العميقة باهظة التكاليف إلا أنها في غاية الأهمية فكثير من التراكيب الجيولوجية التي يحتمل العثور على مكامن بترولية بها قد ثبت تواجدها تحت المياه العميقة منتشرة في معظم مياه العالم ،والبحار والمحيطات تخبئ أضعافاً مضاعفة بشكل عام من كمية النفط الموجودة في البر اختير هذا الموضوع ليشمل في بدايته نبذة تاريخية عن المنصات البحرية ، كما شمل الحفر في المناطق البحرية والمنصات البحرية الخرسانية و المعدنية ،وتضمن أنواع الحفارات البحرية وكذلك شرح لكيفية تنفيذ وتركيب المنصات البحرية ، بالإضافة إلى حفارات النفط القديمة وكيفية التخلص منها بعد انتهاء عملها،وأيضاً دراسة حالة منصة حقل البوري النفطي من خلال المنصتين (3)و(4) وكذلك التطويرات المستقبلية في الحقل ويخلص هذا البحث إلى أن المواد المستعملة في صناعة المنصات البحرية يجب أن تكون لها مواصفات خاصة بالبيئة البحرية وأن تكون ذات جودة عالية وذلك للوصول بالمنصات إلى عمرها الافتراضي ولتلافي العديد من المشاكل بالإضافة إلى أتباع الطرق المناسبة للتخلص من حفارات النفط القديمة بحيث لا تسبب تلوث للبيئة البحرية.
رابحة أحمد رحومة (2008)