Abstract This research was an attempt to use the currently available activity coefficient methods with universal sets of parameters to simultaneously predict ternary liquid-liquid equilibrium data. The focus of this research was to calculate phase equilibrium data within fair error using set of Parameters obtained from the above-mentioned models. The significance of this work is to study the liquid-liquid phase equilibrium of the ternary system at several temperatures and to test the capability of the various equilibrium models to correlate these data. A series of liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements were performed by changing the composition of the mixture.The prepared mixtures were placed in the extraction vessel and stirred for 2 h and then left to settle for 4 h. Samples were taken by a syringe from both the upper phase and lower layers. Both phases were analyzed using gas chromatography equipped. Liquid-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system acetonitrile + benzene + n-heptane was measured at 298,313,333 K. The results were used to estimate the interaction parameters between each of the three compounds for the NRTL and UNIQUAC models as a function of temperature. The estimated interaction parameters were successfully used to predict the equilibrium compositions by the two models. The UNIQUAC equation was the most accurate model in correlating the overall equilibrium compositions of the studied system. NRTL models satisfactorily predicted the equilibrium compositions. In each of the mentioned the ternary system, the calculated and experimental data were compared. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the observed and calculated mole percent for NRTL, UNIQUAC was 1.44%, 1.35% for acetonitrile + benzene + n-heptane
عماد الدين محمد الزغداني (2014)

Abstract Natural gas has become an important source of energy in the world. Throughout the 19th century, natural gas was used almost exclusively as a source of light and its use remained localized because of lack of transport structures, making it difficult to transport large quantities of natural gas long distances. There was an important change in 1890 with the invention of leak-proof pipeline couplings, but transportation of natural gas to long distance customers did not become practical until the 1920s as a result of technological advances in pipelines. Moreover, it was only after World War II that the use of natural gas grew rapidly because of the development of pipeline networks and storage systems. Gas pipe lines are operated under steady state conditions. However, when transporting high temperature wet gas the gas getting cooled and heavy components condensate, Hence, pigs is usually are wanted to clean the pipe line to reduce pressure drop along the pipe In this study an existing pipeline was studied under steady and unsteady state. HYSYS and ProFES programs were utilized. Result show that gas temperature changes with time and distance. Results show that temperature and gas approach the ambient temperature at about 20 Km of pipe line length consequently, liquid phase volume fraction increase in first 20 Km of the pipe.
عدلي عمر احمد (2011)

Abstract Cement kiln dust is a major by product in cement manufacture. Methods of disposal, handling, treatment and reuses are a major factors in optimization of a certain cement plant. This thesis concentrates on the uses of cement kiln dust of souk Al Kamees cement plant as Soil amendment and as an adsorpent of Fe, Zn and lead results from sand. The major objectives of these treatments are environmental rather than economical to reduce the landfill disposal of CKD which is major problem in cement industry. CKD is used in agricultural soil amendment.CKD in Souk Alkamees consists primarily of calcium carbonate and silence dioxide, the alkaline by pass process contains highest amount of calcium oxide and lowest loss on ignation [LOI] which become a beneficial for CKD use as a soil amendment to the sand for many especial agricultural products such as potatoes, …etc. This thesis concentrates on the uses of CKD as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals such as Fe, Zn, and Pb from soil. Adsorption column is used to perform the work. Experimental setup discussed in the thesis is used using cement kiln dust as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from soil. The major result is to simulate the physical behavior of the process using conventional isotherms available in literature, Langmuir, Freandlish and Drachsal isotherm models have been found to simulate the data with good agreement with experimental work. Characterization of the CKD is made after dehydration process at 150C for 24 hrs. X ray fluorescent equipment is used and the results are reported in the thesis.
محمد محمود الشاهري (2015)