Abstract 1. The experimental viscosities densities measured with Anton Paar SVM 3000 equipment, and refractive indices measured with Refractive Meter equipment, corresponding values of excess molar volumes (VE ), deviations in viscosity (Δμ), deviations in refractive index (ΔnD), excess Gibbs energy (GE), and excess molar enthalpy (HE), for binary, ternary and fourth mixtures of alcohol, ether, and n-alkanes. 2.Used for the calibration experimental from paper [7] were the mixture for the binary system (tert butyl alcohol + ethanol ), we had good result and ADD% for densities, viscosities and refractive indices were 0.1657 %, 0.4846 %, and 0.033545 % respectively. 3.Data of binary mixture were fitted to a Redlich-Kister's The choice of the proper number of coefficients (p), was based on the standard deviations, and the F-test as criterion of goodness with an error lower that 1% see. 4.Data of ternary and fourth mixture were correlated by Cibulka equation were determined with the optimization algorithm similar to that for the binary parameters the σ values was less than 0.05%. 5.The experimental viscosities densities and refractive indices were positive and decrease with increase temperature for all tables for binary ternary and fourth mixtures. 6.Excess molar volumes (VE), was negative value for all binary system, Deviations in viscosity (∆µ), negative value, but at system (n-hexane + n-heptane), maximum positive and minimum with negative value, Deviations in Refractive Index (ΔnD), was were positive for all binary mixtures, Excess Gibbs Energy was negative for all binary ,but maximum positive and minimum with negative value just at system (n-hexane + n-heptane). 7.Excess properties for ternary mixture negative and positive value. 8.Excess properties for fourth mixture negative value.
سهير المبروك دربال (2009)

Abstract This study is to develop the specifications of the present cement products so as to comply with the quality and quantities requirements of the local market. The subject of this thesis is to present the results of a series of laboratory trials on a number of raw material mixtures prepared to produce moderate and high sulfate resistance cement at EL- Mergheb cement factory which currently produces ordinary Portland cement. At first, six different raw material sample mixtures were prepared from marlstone,marl and iron ore. The clinker (cement ) produced from these samples was within the moderate sulfate resistance cement ( MSRC ) specifications which mainly requires the tri calcium aluminate (C3A) to be less than 8 % by weight. The trial runs on other three raw material samples made that from mixing marlstone , clay , and iron ore produced clinker specifications that were out of those for MSRC namely, C3A is greater than 8 % . This means that the addition of clay to the raw mix prevents the production of cement with MSRC specifications. This was due to the high percentage of Al2O3 in the clay . The specifications of the clinker products based on these results , MSRC was successfully produced at the factory from raw material mixtures ( marlstone, marl and iron ore ) without any clay addition . Finally three raw mix samples were prepared from marlstone, marl, iron ore, and sand and tested in the laboratory to explore the possibility of producing high sulfate resistance cement ( HSRC) which requires C3A to be less than 5 % . The results of these laboratory trials showed that when the sand in the raw mix is kept under 1.80 % , the produced clinker specifications are within those of HSRC. The permission to carry out these trials in the factory is underway. The expected economic benefits from producing both MSRC and HSRC is highly feasible. Both types will be sold in local market without any additional operating or capital costs .
صالح محمد صالح (2013)

دراسة ضمان التدفق هو احدي أهم العمليات التحليلية لمرور الزيت والغاز خلال الأنابيب والمعدات البتروكيميائية. هذه الدراسة تساعدنا فى تصميم وتشغيل وصيانة خطوط الزيت و الغازوخاصة الخطوط الموجودة في أعماق البحار. يعتبر الشمع والهيدريت من أهم المشاكل التى تواجه نقل الزيت والغاز عبر الأنابيب هذه المشاكل تكلف خسائر مالية كبيرة عن طريق اغلاق جزء من انابيب نقل الزيت والغاز. ولتجنب الوقوع فى خطر الهيدريت والشمع يجب ان تكون كل من درجة الحرارة والضغط بعيدة عن تكون الشمع والهيدريت. تضمنت هذه الدراسة تضمنت فحص تأتير كل من اللزوجة, متوسط الوزن الجزئ, نسبة الشمع, سمك العازل, الزمن ودرجة الحرارة الخارجية على ترسب الشمع على جدار أنابيب النقل. وكذلك قمنا بدراسة متى وأين يتكون الهيدريت باختيار زيوت وغازات مختلفة. من أهم النتائج التى تحصلنا عليها من خلال دراسة ترسب الشمع على الأنابيب وتكون الهيدريت كالأتي :أقل لزوجة في الزيوت الشمعية كانت عنده أعلى قيمة ترسب الشمغ علي الأنبوب .زيادة سمك العازل ودرجة الحرارة المحيطة تقلل ترسب الشمع على الأنابيب .زيادة زمن التشغيل تزيد من ترسب الشمع علي الأنابيب .دراسة تكون الهيدريت باستخدام برنامج كمبيوتر (HYSYS وPVTSIM) كانت النتائج المعملية قريبة من النتائج المعملية عند درجة حرارة وضغط منخفض. اضافة مواد كيميائية احدى الطرق التى تبعدنا عن خطر تكون الهيدريت. Abstract Flow assurance is the analysis of thermal, hydraulic and production chemistry issues during the flow of fluids through pipelines and process equipments in the oil and gas industry. These issues arise during the design, operation and maintenance of Gas/oil supply systems, which are often in deep water or challenging environments. Flow assurance studies are usually carried out at design and production stages to insure oil and gas flow in pipe lines and process equipment without any problems. Wax and hydrates are problems associated while gas and oil are transported. Wax deposition is a serious field problem encountered during crude oil production that causes plugging of pipe line, well tubing and process equipment. Wax crystals lead to oil high viscosity and decreased pumping capacity. Gas hydrates are a well-known problem in the oil and gas industry and cost millions of dollars in production and transmission pipelines. To prevent this problem, it is important to predict the temperature and pressure under which gas hydrates will form. This work aims to investigate the major flow assurance aspect (wax deposition and hydrates formation) in flow lines. This may include; Effect of oil viscosity, oil wax percent, average moleculer weight of oil, ambient temperature, insulation thickness and time duration on wax deposition rate in pipelines. In addition concerning hydrates, the main important issue is when and where hydrates will form in flow lines and gas pipelines. five different oils and different gases from literature where selected and utilized as working examples.The important results of wax deposition and hydrate formation are as the following: The lowest viscosity of five crude oils give us the maximum total volume deposition.Increasing of insulation thickness and ambient temperature causes decreasing wax layer deposition.Increasing of time duration causes increasing of wax layer thickness. Hydrate formation by using HYSYS and PVTSIM at law temperature and law pressure is closed to the hydrate formation by experimentally. Adding chemicals (inhibitors) saved the gas through a pipeline from the risk of hydrate formation. The obtained results show that wax deposition and hydrates formation can be predicted with good accuracy with computer soft ware.
المبروك فرحات المسلاتي (2014)