Abstract 1. The experimental viscosities densities measured with Anton Paar SVM 3000 equipment, and refractive indices measured with Refractive Meter equipment, corresponding values of excess molar volumes (VE ), deviations in viscosity (Δμ), deviations in refractive index (ΔnD), excess Gibbs energy (GE), and excess molar enthalpy (HE), for binary, ternary and fourth mixtures of alcohol, ether, and n-alkanes. 2.Used for the calibration experimental from paper [7] were the mixture for the binary system (tert butyl alcohol + ethanol ), we had good result and ADD% for densities, viscosities and refractive indices were 0.1657 %, 0.4846 %, and 0.033545 % respectively. 3.Data of binary mixture were fitted to a Redlich-Kister's The choice of the proper number of coefficients (p), was based on the standard deviations, and the F-test as criterion of goodness with an error lower that 1% see. 4.Data of ternary and fourth mixture were correlated by Cibulka equation were determined with the optimization algorithm similar to that for the binary parameters the σ values was less than 0.05%. 5.The experimental viscosities densities and refractive indices were positive and decrease with increase temperature for all tables for binary ternary and fourth mixtures. 6.Excess molar volumes (VE), was negative value for all binary system, Deviations in viscosity (∆µ), negative value, but at system (n-hexane + n-heptane), maximum positive and minimum with negative value, Deviations in Refractive Index (ΔnD), was were positive for all binary mixtures, Excess Gibbs Energy was negative for all binary ,but maximum positive and minimum with negative value just at system (n-hexane + n-heptane). 7.Excess properties for ternary mixture negative and positive value. 8.Excess properties for fourth mixture negative value.
سهير المبروك دربال (2009)

Abstract Water contamination is one of the major problems which the world is facing today. Water contamination not only effect environment and human health, but it has also impacts on economic and social costs. There are various ways used commercially and non- commercially to fight this problem which is advancing day by day due to technological progress There are many methods used for wastewater treatment, among these methods, the use of biological filters " trickling filter ", which depends on The basic idea is to get a larger surface area to get a better handle on the percentage. A composite media is used to replace the conventional stone in order to improve wastewater treatment in this thesis. The aim of this thesis to improve the performance of biological filters using nanotechnology, where to enhancing polymer media in biological and reinforced polypropylene by carbon fiber filters and talc by using electro spinning technology to produce the reinforced fiber that outlet from extruder. Design and simulate the extruder / die characteristics and studying The drag flow and pressure flow were then extracted from the screw parameters which lead into the calculation of the operation point and the operating pressure for the die. Also studying the effect of pressure and viscosity. Calculation of , and extruder characteristic is performed in order to allocate the operating point of the extruder.Two brand of carbon fiber are used in this thesis. The chapter type is at A tensile strength of 800 MN/m2. is selected. The operating pressure of the extruder is found to vary form 29.8 to 38.95 MN/m2 at an operating flow rate of 1.52*10-5 m3/sec. depending on the percentage of carbon fiber used in the blend.
محمود عيسى الفاما (2015)

نظرا للنقص الكبير في كمية المياه الجوفية نتيجة لنقص كمية مياه الأمطار و المياه الصالحة للشرب عامة وعدم وفرة المياه في المناطق النائية وشبه القاحلة حيث تتوفر الطاقة الشمسية وتشح المياه مما يجعل للطاقة الشمسية أهمية كبيرة في تحليه المياه و التقليل من استعمال الطاقة التقليدية التي تصاحبها انبعاثات المسببة للمشاكل البيئية مثل الانحباس الحراري.الهدف من هدا البحث هو تصميم و دراسة تجريبية لأداء المحليات الشمسية نوعية الحوض(basin type solar still ) والمقطر الشمسي نوعية الفتيلة المبللة (tilted –wick solar still ) و المربوطة بالمجمعات الشمسية لغرض تسخين المياه قبل دخولها للمقطر. وقد تم استعارة نموذج رياضي مناسب لمحاكاة أداء المحليات الشمسية التي يتم دراستها ومقارنة الجانب العملي مع الجانب النظري و الذي يستفاد منه في معالجة المشاكل المتوقعة في تصميم المقطر . وقد تم مقارنة معدل إنتاجية المياه في وجود مجمع شمسي وفى عدم وجوده. حيث وجدنا أن معدل إنتاجية نوع (tilted wick) فى وجود مجمع شمسي كان 5.307lm2day عند معدل إشعاع شمسي 676.537wm2 ,وإنتاجية نوع ((basin في وجود مجمع شمسي day 3.333lm2 عند إشعاع شمسي 696.19wm2 , وإنتاجية نوع (basin) في عدم وجود مجمع شمسي day 3.025lm2 عند معدل إشعاع شمسي 721.49wm2 وقد وجدنا أن تركيز الأملاح الصلبة الدائبة كانت 3080mg/l ونقصت بعد عملية التحلية إلى 36.8mg/l و تركيز أيون الكلور كان 475mg/l و نقص إلى 2.2mg/l . حيث تعتبر الطاقة الشمسية هي من أكثر أنواع الطاقة ملائمة للاستعمال في الوقت الحالي لولا انخفاض معدل الاستفادة منها حاليا على نطاق تجارى واسع وتجرى الآن أبحاث كثيرة لتطوير وإيجاد وسائل مناسبة للحصول على الطاقة الكافية. Abstract The problem of drinking water shortage is a worldwide issue that made millions of people suffers this shortage. Different classical energy processes were used to partly solve the problem, but they were suitable only for large population areas due to their high capital, operation and maintenance cost. For these reasons, alternative methods must be sought for rural arid areas. This method uses solar energy to drive basin-type and tilted-wick-type solar stills to produce distilled water. The performance of the stills was also studied when they were connected to external solar collector to preheat the feed water to the stills. The present work deals with studying and modeling of solar stills. The basic idea of the work is to check the production of basin still and tilted wick still using solar energy for solar desalination, using brackish water with total dissolved solids (T.D.S) equal to 3080mg/l and ion chloride concentration of 475mg/l)(35) and solar energy. The still is basically a rectangular basin lined with black or blackened porous material that acts as the solar energy collector. The still was constructed from galvanized iron steel with dimensions 52×75×6 cm. the base area of 52×75 cm. The still inclined at 13o. Distilled water volume collected was recorded continuously for each hour. The productivity of tilted type still with preheated water was 5.307 L/m2 day at an average solar radiation of 676.537 w/m2. The productivity of basin type solar still with preheated water was 3.333L/m2day at an average solar radiation 696.19 w/m2. The productivity of basin type solar still without preheated water was 3.025 L/m2day at an average solar radiation 721.49w/m2. The T.D.S is 36.8mg/l, and ion chloride concentration is 2.2mg/l(35). The developed mathematical model from energy and mass balance on the system was used to predict the performance of the still. It was found that the model predicted inlet temperature and glass temperature well with that one’s measured experimentally. The productivity predicted from the model was far from that measured experimentally. This was due to the many assumption made in the development of the model.
زينب أحمد دالي (2011)