يمر العالم بمرحلة انتقالية تموج بتحولات جذرية عميقة وشاملة في كافة المجالات، مرحلة تنكسر فيھا القيود وتلغى الحدود وتنفتح الأسواق ، وتشتعل المنافسة، ويتعاظم دور التكنولوجيا الحديثة التي تلعب دوراً رئيسا ً في إحداث ھذه التحولات وأھمھا التحول من الأساليب التقليدية في الإدارة إلى الأساليب الإلكترونية، وبات مصطلح الحكومة الإلكترونية ھو عنصر تميز المؤسسات والهيئات والدول. يسعى هذا البحت إلى إتاحة المحتوى العلمي للإدارة الإلكترونية وذلك من خلال سرد لمحة تاريخية عنها ومميزاتها وسبيل الإستفادة منها بجميع المجالات وخاصة بمجال التعليم والتطرق الي جامعة طرابلس كحالة دراسية.
وائل صالح محمد أبوغريس, عطية محمود البحباح, محمد أحمد مغيدر(6-2022)

A multi-relay cooperative diversity protocol based on the concept of Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM) scheme is proposed in this paper, assuming that decode-and-forward relaying protocol is adopted at relays. This scheme is referred to as Distributed Generalized Spatial Modulation (DGSM) with activating more than one relay. The system performance of the proposed diversity protocol in terms of the Symbol Error Rate (SER) is evaluated and compared to the performance of GSM and Distributed Spatial Modulation (DSM) schemes. Simulation results show that DGSM systems with activating more than one relay perform almost the same as DSM systems for the same spectral efficiency. It is also demonstrated that a performance enhancement of about 3 dB is achieved over GSM schemes for the same modulation order, which increases the energy efficiency and the reachability using the proposed model. Therefore, the proposed scheme can be effectively used in various 5G wireless networks.
Taissir Y. Elganimi, Fatima I. Alwerfly, Akram A. Marseet(10-2020)

In this paper, we present an analytical traffic model for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS). In 3G networks we have dynamic capacity that depends on the interference levels in the covered area and the number of active users. This implies that the distance of the mobile user from the base station is also an important factor because of the signal fading. The first part of this paper is an algorithm written in c++ programming language that distributes users in different zones assuming that the cell area is virtually divided into Z zones depending on the number of users. The last part of this paper we build a mathematical model of a 3G cell using the above assumption , and to prove, that the product form holds in the case of two cells with uniform and non uniform traffic. By this result more complicated networks can be analyzed, to calculate the performance measures of the network.
WAEL S. ABUGHRES, MIKE E. WOODWARD(6-2006)