Abstract In this thesis, we present a method for the design of multidimensional digital filters. This method is based on the use of genetic algorithm (GA). GA algorithm is proposed to optimize the coefficients of magnitude frequency response of digital filter design. GA algorithm is used to minimize a cost function representing the difference between the frequency response magnitudes of an ideal and obtained digital filters. Two types of filters namely, Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) are implemented.The digital FIR filter exhibits a wide transition bands and ripples in the pass band which are considered as disadvantages in digital image processing. Therefore, the only way to obtain a steep transition FIR is to use high order which translates to high cost. An alternative way to avoid high cost filters is to use IIR digital filters. Such digital filters can provide steeper transition bands with lower order than equivalent FIR digital filters. Although FIR digital filters have the disadvantages of high cost in term of hardware realizations, they have the advantage of stability and linear phase. Since IIR digital filters have infinite impulse response, they are prone to unstability. Linear phase which is easy to obtain in FIR digital filters is hard to come by IIR digital filters. The low cost and fast filtering make the IIR digital filters attractive. The proposed GA is utilizing for the design of stable IIR filter with near linear phase constraints. Experimental results are presented for 1-D and 2-D digital IIR filter. From the magnitude-frequency response, the convergence of the proposed approach will be able to obtain global minima in a faster time.
ميسون محمد الزرقاني (2010)

In this paper, imposing the Hadamard Transform (HDT) on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBC) schemes using multiple transmit antennas is proposed in order to increase the reliability and improve the error performance of wireless communications. It is referred to as joint Hadamard transform and OSTBC schemes with multiple transmit antennas. However, HDT is used to change the location of constellation points by converting the transmit symbols of OSTBC system, and hence extending the Euclidean distance between transmit symbols for a precise detection. Simulation results demonstrated that increasing the number of transmit antennas in OSTBC systems employing 8-PSK improves the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance as in the case of OSTBC 2×2 scheme where an SNR of about 13.5 dB is required to achieve a BER of 〖10〗^(-6), while only about 7 dB in OSTBC 8×8 scheme is required to obtain the same error probability. It is also demonstrated that imposing the Hadamard criteria on the OSTBC 2×2, 4×4, and 8×8 schemes has showed a performance improvement of about 3 dB, 6 dB and 9 dB, respectively, as compared to the conventional OSTBC systems.
Taissir Y. Elganimi, Marwan B. Elkhoja(4-2019)

In this paper, we present an algorithm to generate and distribute Z users in Z virtual zones. In3G networks we have dynamic capacity that depends on the interference levels in the covered areaand the number of active users. This implies that the distance of the mobile user from the basestation is also an important factor because of the signal fading. An algorithm is presented basedon the queuing traffic models for 3G cell written in c++ programming language that distributesusers in different zones assuming that the cell area is virtually divided into Z zones depending onthe number of users (1) (PDF) An algorithm for distributing users in virtual zones in a 3g cellular network. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317949812_An_algorithm_for_distributing_users_in_virtual_zones_in_a_3g_cellular_network [accessed May 17 2022].
w. s. abughres, mikee. woodward(10-2006)