Abstract The conflict that took place in Libya in 2011, up to the present moment, has greatly affected the electrical power network and resulted in the rise of the voltage instability problem. This was due to loss of the some major transmission lines and certain generation units. Owing to the fact that the southern region of the Libyan network has no generation units, voltage drop phenomena has become a common problem as a result of the long transmission distance, which is approximately 750km. A proposed solution in order to solve this problem is via the utilization of small mobile generation units at the network weak points. This thesis revolves around discussing the voltage instability problem within the Libyan Network and how it can be enhanced when small and mobile generation units are connected to the network weak points. It will also establish and identify where the most weakened buses and regions are so that the mobile units should be connected for the attainment of optimized solution. Moreover, this solution was proposed as it can solve not only the voltage instability problem, but it will also solve the inadequacy in generation issue by circulating additional power within the network. Hence, reduce the load shedding phenomena. Furthermore, the thesis also includes future recommendations to improve and enhance the Libyan network by the addition of new 220kV and 400kV transmission lines that will enable the network to cope with the load growth in the future
ربيع محمد عمر (2014)

Since Open Education Resources (OER) approved in the early 2000s, it has grown as a major source of free learning materials for higher education; it is available for anyone to reuse, revise and redistribute based on the Creative Commons (CC), ready to give people worldwide equal access to collective knowledge and quality education by making good quality lectures, curricula, and books. In this paper, a brief history of OER is stated, then focused on categories of OER, ending with a discussion of the impact on reducing spending money on books compared to (Open Access) OA and OER
wael saleh mohamed abughres, عطية محمود البحباح, Mohamed A. Mgheder(6-2020)

Joint user selection algorithm and fully digital Geometric Mean Decomposition (GMD)-based precoding scheme is considered in this paper for single Radio Frequency (RF) Space Modulation Techniques (SMTs), namely, Spatial Modulation (SM) and Space Shift Keying (SSK) schemes. The objective is to jointly perform the Frobenius norm-based user selection algorithm and design GMD-based precoded SMTs with single-RF chain in order to reduce the cost and the power consumption in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, and to avoid the complicated bit-allocation problem of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-based precoding technique. Based on these schemes, the GMD-based precoding transmission carried out in the context of a single-user SMTs can readily be extended to the Multi-user (MU) case. Simulation results demonstrate that single-RF SMTs with GMD-based precoding scheme is capable of outperforming SMTs with SVD-based precoding technique. Meanwhile, MU-SMTs with GMD-based precoding scheme provide significant performance gains over the conventional SM- and SSK-MIMO counterparts and single-user SMTs with GMD-based precoding algorithm, which increase the energy efficiency and the reachability using these schemes. Furthermore, better error performance in MU-SMTs with fully digital GMD-based precoding technique is obtained by selecting any number of users. Therefore, MU-SMTs with GMD-based precoding scheme can be effectively used in various 5G wireless networks.
Taissir Y. Elganimi, Feras F. Alfitouri(1-2021)