Abstract An increased emphasis has been placed on the microbiological analysis of raw milk and dairy products designed to evaluate quality and to ensure safety for human consumption. Many microorganisms such as Escherichia coli can contaminate raw milk during milking process or via environmental contamination during different milk-processing methods. Enterohaem- orrhagic Escherichia coli O157 (EHEC) are a major cause of food-borne illnesses in humans. A hundred and seven samples of milk and milk products were collected from some regions (Janzour, Tripoli, Kryamia, Tajoura and Toubrok) in Libya. In the current study, samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for enumeration and isolation of Escherichia coli, which were detected by conventional cultural and molecular method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. Out of the107 samples; 26 positive sample according to culture characteristics were found to be EHEC O157 included cow's milk 10 % (3/ 28), she-camel's milk 33%(3/ 9), goats milk 17 % (1/6) and 25 % (7/28) fermented raw milk samples. Samples of fresh locally made soft cheese (Maasora and Ricotta) were 43% (9/21) and 30% (3/10) respectively, while none of the ice cream samples revealed any growth, but 12 of these 26 sample were confirmed by partial sequencing of 16SrDNA as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Key words: Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli; raw milk; 16S rDNA.
إيناس ماهر عوض علي(1-2016)

بسـ حيم الرَ الر حمن َاللهَم مقدمةَالتحقيق ونعوذ بالله ، ونستغفره ونتوب إليه ، إن الحمد لله نحمده ونستعينه ونستهديه ومن يضلل فلا ، من يهده الله فلا مضل له ، ومن سيئات أعمالنا ، من شرور أنفسنا وأشهد أن ، وأشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له ، هادي له محمدا عبده والتابعين لهم بإحسان ، صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه ، ورسوله َ ، إل يوم الدين وسلم تسليما كثيرا . أما بعد : عظيم الخطر ، عميم النفع ، لا يسع ، علم أصول الفقه علم جليل القدر ّفإن من أراد بلوغ الاجتهاد جهله ؛ إذ هو شرطه ، فبدراسته تحصل للمجتهد القدرة على دراسته مفيدة للمقلد أيضا ؛ ّ كما أن ، استنباط الأحكام الشرعية من الأدلة التفصيلية ومن ، ي استنبطوها ي الأحكام التِ لأنها توقفه على مدارك الأئمة المجتهدين ومستنداتهم في يطمئنَّ ثَ قلبه والاطمئنان باعث على الطاعة والانقياد ، وتذعن لها نفسه ، أقوالهم َ إل ي الدارين عادة في ّ ي هي مناط الس . 1 للأحكام الشرعية التِ وإذا كان حظ هذا المقلد من العلم وفيرا ، فإنه مككنه مععرفة هذا العلم الترري على أصول إمامه من الفر و مك كما كنه الموازنة الدقيقة ، عليه إمامه ّ ع الفقهية ما لم ينص َ وترجيح الأقوى دليلا منها ؛ إن كان ممن يتصدى للمقارنة بين ، بين مختلف الآراء . 2المذاهب
محمد احمد نصر ايوسنينة(1-2010)

Abstract The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailabilities of two generic formulations of enrofloxacin (ENRO- A; Enrol®: Medmac®, Amman, Jordan and ENRO- B; Syvaquinol® Syva®, Leon, Spain) 10% oral solutions were compared after single intracrop (i.c.) bolus administrations in reference to single intravenous bolus (i.v.) administration of standard ENRO at a dose of 10 mg/Kg body weight in broilers using a randomized parallel design. Plasma collected at predetermined time points up to 24 hours. Clinicochemical, hematological and histopathological alterations were also, demonstrated after repeated intracrop (i.c.) bolus administrations of the two different enrofloxacin generic preparations given at a dose regimen of 10 mg/Kg body weight for 5 consecutive days in ENRO-A and ENRO-B treated groups whereas control group was kept untreated and given water instead. Blood samples were collected from all birds on the 5th day for clinicochemical and hematological examinations. Birds were then humanely sacrificed liver, kidneys and heart were dissected out for histopathological examination. HPLC assay was used to measure concentrations of ENRO in plasma. The pharmacokinetic analysis of the C-T data was performed using non-compartmental analysis based on statistical moment theory. The maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) for ENRO-A and ENRO-B were 1.61 ± 0.203 and 1.79 ± 0.283 μg/mL; respectively, attained at time to peak (Tmax) of 2 h. Elimination half- lives (T1/2β) were 8.391 ± 0.312 and 8.458 ± 0.906 h, respectively. While areas under plasma concentration-time curves (AUC0→∞), and systemic bioavailabilities (F %) were 12.744 ± 2.951 and 14.354 ± 2.85 mg.h/L; and 78.96 ± 6.728 and 88.94 ± 10.89 % for ENRO-A and ENRO-B; respectively. Results of safety study revealed that ENRO-A induced a significant (p
ناصــر الطـاهـــر احويـسج(1-2016)