The Role of Spatial Development in upgrading the Planning Level for Education Services in the Sub-Region of Alkofra Case Study(Aljouf City) By Ali Salem Matoq Supervisor Dr: Aisha A. Almansori Dr: Mohamed A. Almagdoby Abstract This research is about studding the current situation of affairs of educational facilities in terms of school numbers and distributions and their suitability for the urban growth in Aljouf city which located in the south of Libya. The study had a comprehensive survey of all educational facilities from the kindergartens to high schools in order to provide a database that includes the main data of schools services, educational facilities, students numbers and buildings. Positions and characteristic. This research mainly focused in the basic and intermediate education facilities. Hence the importance of this research which aims at studying the spatial characteristics of educational facilities in the city and the study of the status quo and comparison to the approved planning standards to attain spatial planning appropriate to future growth. The study was based on the descriptive analytical method applying the method of spatial analysis through the application of appropriate analysis functions provided by geographic information systems to identify the spatial differences and the impact of each educational facility in the city in addition to the application of the planning criteria of educational facilities for the field of study to determine the lack in the number of facilities and find appropriate solutions. The study results indicated that there is a lack of educational facilities in Al-Jawf due to non-compliance with the standards of planning of department of urban planning with the existence of randomness and weakness in the distribution and concentration of such facilities in certain areas and lack thereof n other parts of the city. The study recommended that the application of planning standards in the distribution and planning of educational facilities is to be commensurate with population growth and geographic characteristics of urban communities along with finding local standards by which local characteristics of desert regions are particularly taken into account, in addition to a structure by the competent authorities in the implementation of these facilities in the proper planning form. To utilize an accredited educational plan on scientific grounds which can benefited from the third generation plans of the city. The study recommended the creation of spatial database for educational services in Al-Jawf city
عـلي ســالم عـلي معتـوق(1-2016)

ABSTRACT Patients adherence to their healthcare protocols is important to reach the best health outcomes. However, little attention has been given to the assessment of psychometric properties of adherence measures in Libyan population. The study aimed to conduct a comprehensive work for evaluation the relationship between patients noncompliance and medication satisfaction of patients on Clopidogrel, to investigating the argument of ][Libyan physicians. Also, the quality of 4 brands of Clopidogrel is described and compared to the quality of the innovator drug product (PLAVIX ®) in order to support the study. Adherence of patients on various brands of Clopidogrel available in Libyan market were examined by 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. And four generic alternatives of Clopidogrel were compared to the innovator drug product for weight variation, thickness, hardness, disintegration and dissolution. Patients on different brands of Clopidogrel were randomly selected (n=200), Their mean ages of the study sample was 63 ±10 years. Participants from Tripoli-City hospitals completed an in-person interview assisted questionnaire. The questionnaire was the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The reliability and validity of the measures were also evaluated. The study found that more than half of patients on Plavix® and Apo-Clopidogrel® reported a high level of adherence 59%, 56% respectively. While about 72% of the patients on other brands of Clopidogrel reported low to medium level of adherence. The present study showed that the 8-item MMAS had good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.755). Additionally, the exclusion of the “feel hassled by treatment plan,” item improved the overall reliability slightly (46% indicating “feel hassled by treatment plan”). There is a statistically significant relationship (p=0.05) between patients' adherence behaviour and their gender. The study revealed that males have higher adherence toward taking their medication compared to females (53%, 36% respectively). The results clearly indicate that four brands of Clopidogrel tablets comply with the pharmacopeia standards set for these products for weight variation, thickness, hardness and dissolution except Antiplex® tablets which failed in thickness, hardness and dissolution tests. The study concluded that the patients on different brands of Clopidogrel "who had been described by physicians in having low medication efficacy" reported low medication adherence. The quality analysis tests reinforce the previous findings. This proves why the innovator Plavix® is more effective than other generic alternatives .It is also mandatory for manufacturers and all other key players in the drug distribution business to assure that final products reach consumers with high quality and efficacy. This is only possible in an environment of high ethical and moral standards.
Ensherah Mohamed Najib Ben Zekri(1-2016)

المقدمة اللهم لك الحمد والشكر على نعمائك كلها ظاهرة وباطنة، ماا علمناا منهاا وماا لام نعلااام، حماااد ا يلياااج ب اااك و هاااك وعظااايم نااالطانك، نااابحانك ربناااا لا إلااالا إلا ،نااا ، لا . ولا نحصي ثناء عليك، ،ن كما ،ثني على نفنك ، نحصي نعمك علينا و،صلي و،نلم على رنو الرحمة والهداية والخير، وعلى آللا وصحبلا ومن والاه واتبع ننتلا إلى يوم الدين. وبعد.. فاا ن ع عاال و اا ،ناال الراارآن الكااريم نااو ر ا وهااد ورحمااة بهاام، ،نااار باالا ، ى للنااا الظلما ، و،حيا بلا النبا ، وشرح بلا الصدور، و،رشد بلا العراو ، ااا عال مان اائا :  اورُ ن ْ مُ كْ ايَ لِِ ااَ نْ لَ زْ نَ أَ و ْ مُ كِ بَ ر ْ نِ م ٌانَهْ رُ ب ْ مُ كَاءَ ج ْ دَ ق ُ اسَّ ا الن َ هُّ يَ ا أ َ ي ا ينا ِ بُ م ،)1(ا :يااا، وااا  َ نِ م َ اسَّ الن َ جِ رْ خُ تِ ل َ كْ يَ لِِ ُاهَ نْ لَ زْ نَ أ ٌابَ تِ الر ك ِ اَ ارِ اى ا َ لِِ ْ امِ هِ بَ ر ِ نْ نِ اذِ ب ِاورُّ ى الن َ لِِ ِ اتَ مُ لُّالظ ِ يدِ مَ حْ ال ِيزِ زَ : )، واد ،مرنا نبحانلا وتعالى بتدبر آياا الرارآن وتكوتالا، ااا تعاالى 2( عْال  ِ ااابَ بْ لَْ ااو ا ُولُ أ َ رَّ كَاانَ تَ يِ لَ و ِ َااِاتَ يَ واُ رَّ بَّاادَ يِ ل ٌ كَااارَ بُ م َااكْ يَ لِِ ُاااهَ نْ لَ زْ نَ أ ٌااابَ تِ )، وع ناابحانلا 3( ك وتعااالى عاا الرااارآن تبياناا و، لهاااا؛ ، ا لكاا شااايء، فهااو ،صاا العلااام والعلااوم، و،عظمهااا اا ،لااكلك بااكل ال هااود فااي خدمتاالا وان ت ف وتاادبر آياتاالا ومعانياالا، رغ الطااااا فااي فهماالا فهاو ، وعكف العلماء وطلبة العلم على انتنباط الأحكام وانتخارج العلوم المتنوعة منلا مع ااااااااااالة ع الخالااااااااااادة البااياااااااااااة إلاااااااااااى ياااااااااااوم الرياماااااااااااة، لا ينااااااااااات ني الناااااااااااا عنااااااااااالا صاااااار ، واتبااااااج منه ااااالا ونااااالوك طريرااااالا، فبناااااوره وهاااااداه، و لا تصااااالت حيااااااتهم إلا بااااالا وبلغ علم علمائهم الآفاج، وارتكل علوم الدنيا وما حاد فيهاا ،المنلمون نادة العالم
نبيل محمد ابوبكر المحجوب (1-2016)