Network availability is a key consideration in disaster planning, but it also has critical impacts on everyday life and work. For organizations, network downtime or sluggishness equates to business downtime, at considerable cost to organizations through inefficiency, lost sales, lack of critical data for decisions, and other harmful effects. First hop redundancy protocols (FHRP) are an essential tool for improving the availability of IP networks. In this paper, we evaluate the three particular protocols of FHRPs, namely the Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRPv6), Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRPv3), and Gateway Load Balancing (GLBPv6) using GNS3 tools. The First Hop Redundancy Protocols have been implemented, tested, optimized, and compared to one another in terms of CPU Utilization, Traffic flow, packet loss and convergence time. The comparison indicates which protocol is best in which scenario and which is best among the three protocols.
Mahmud Mansour, Mohamed Alamin Alqomati, Mohmed K. Al-said(3-2022)

Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) has been proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group, in order to get benefit of the interfaces in the network devices, as most of these network devices are equipped with more than one interface. MPTCP splits a single data stream across multiple paths. This has obvious benefits for reliability, and it can also lead to more efficient use of network resources. The main aim of this paper is to study the main mechanism of the MPTCP and some of the multipath transmission protocols. arabic 5 English 43
Mariam Abojela Msaad, Taha Arabi , Amer R. Zerek(1-2013)

: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) micro-arrays present a powerful means of observing thousands of gene terms levels at the same time. They consist of high dimensional datasets, which challenge conventional clustering methods. The data’s high dimensionality calls for Self Organizing Maps (SOMs) to cluster DNA micro-array data. The DNA micro-array dataset are stored in huge biological databases for several purposes . The proposed methods are based on the idea of selecting a gene subset to distinguish all classes, it will be more effective to solve a multi-class problem, and we will propose a genetic programming (GP) based approach to analyze multi-class micro-array datasets. This biological dataset will be derived from multiple biological databases. The procedure responsible for extracting datasets called DNA-Aggregator. We will design a biological aggregator, which aggregates various datasets via DNA micro-array community-developed ontology based upon the concept of semantic Web for integrating and exchanging biological data. Our aggregator is composed of modules that retrieve the data from various biological databases. It will also enable queries by other applications to recognize the genes. The genes will be categorized in groups based on a classification method, which collects similar expression patterns. Using a clustering method such as k-mean is required either to discover the groups of similar objects from the biological database to characterize the underlying data distribution. arabic 9 English 55
Mariam Abojela Msaad, Zakaria Suliman Zubi(1-2011)