Network availability is a key consideration in disaster planning, but it also has critical impacts on everyday life and work. For organizations, network downtime or sluggishness equates to business downtime, at considerable cost to organizations through inefficiency, lost sales, lack of critical data for decisions, and other harmful effects. First hop redundancy protocols (FHRP) are an essential tool for improving the availability of IP networks. In this paper, we evaluate the three particular protocols of FHRPs, namely the Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRPv6), Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRPv3), and Gateway Load Balancing (GLBPv6) using GNS3 tools. The First Hop Redundancy Protocols have been implemented, tested, optimized, and compared to one another in terms of CPU Utilization, Traffic flow, packet loss and convergence time. The comparison indicates which protocol is best in which scenario and which is best among the three protocols.
Mahmud Mansour, Mohamed Alamin Alqomati, Mohmed K. Al-said(3-2022)

This paper describes a proposal for FAT tree based Network-on- Chip system based on MPLS forwarding mechanism. The FAT tree includes processing nodes and communication switches. IP node (processing nodes) has a message generator unit which randomly generates messages to different destinations with different packet lengths and buffering. The switch is based on MPLS technique and consists of the following units: crossbar switch, input/output link controllers and routing and arbitration units. A simulator has been developed in C++ to analyze the proposed architecture. A comparison with wormhole switch is provided to show the efficiency of the MPLS designed switch arabic 12 English 65
Azeddien M. Sllame, Nagwa Abobaker Salama(1-2016)

in wireless networks, mobility is an important issue because Internet connectivity can only be effective if it is available during the movement of a node. To enhance mobility, the IEEE802.16e standard has set procedures to design wireless access systems to operate on the move without any disruption of services. The major difference between mobile WiMAX and fixed WiMAX is mobility support. However, speed and trajectory of nodes are unpredictable and can vary even in identical circumstances. In this paper mobile node trajectory is studied under different codecs schemes in order to evaluate the effect of node movement, towards or away from the base-station, on end to end delay, jitter, mean opinion score and throughput of a VoIP application. The results showed that trajectory inward improves network performance since mobile node gets closer to the base-station and hence signal is improved and less power is required. arabic 12 English 67
I. Almerhag, N. Aboalgasem(5-2017)