Abctract: The aim of this study is to investigate and demonstrate the role of using short stories in teaching English to adult Libyan learners, and to outline the results of integrating this genre of literature on the learners' four language skills. This study traces back the use of literature in general, and short stories in specific on teaching English as EFL and ESL. Moreover, it illustrates the benefits and drawbacks of using stories as supplementary materials in teaching. Also, it suggests various activities to be used in the language classroom to enhance the learners' receptive and productive skills. Furthermore, it discusses the results of using short stories in teaching English to Libyan learners and how did they respond to different literary texts. On the basis of the results of this research, the researcher hopes to show all English teachers in Libya the importance of making use of short stories in teaching, as it results in the enhancement of the learners' language skills and makes the learning and teaching processes more collaborative and enriching not just in language, but also in terms of motivating the learner, broadening his insights, and improving his critical thinking, learning autonomy and creativity. The methodology followed was based on the researcher's personal observation in teaching two experimental classes with two different levels using short stories as supplementary materials. In opposition to teaching other classes with the same language levels but without using 3 any short stories in the teaching process. The results noticed from the learners' home works, language competence and classroom activities showed that the two experimental classes' language abilities enhanced noticeably far more than the other classes.
فاطمة محمد دلة (2015)

Abtracts: Large English classes can cause many problems for the teacher and the young learners. It may seem impossible in such classes to organize dynamic and creative teaching and learning sessions. For example, it is impossible for the teacher in such classes to ensure individual participation of the young learners in the process of language practice and language use. Large classes can never be suitable for dealing with the new demands of language teaching. In other words, large classes cannot facilitate accomplishing teaching and learning based on the principles underlying communicative approach adopted in the primary 5 and 6 textbook, which is intended to build up the learner's confidence in going from organizing information to using the different language skills. The study examines the negative effects of the large number of young learners in the classroom. It intends to shed light on problems encountered in teaching English as a foreign language for communication to such classes. Research procedure and techniques to be used to collect data required for this study will be fulfilled by the use of teacher's questionnaire, as well as data drawn from informal interviews with English teachers in some primary schools in Tripoli. The actual teaching environment in primary schools is unsuitable for teaching English as a foreign language to young learners and at the same time, it prevents pupils from learning English properly. This is because most of the classes which have been visited and observed were crowded with large number of pupils. It has been noticed that this situation was problematic and uncomfortable for both the teachers and the pupils. Teaching English as a foreign language for communication to young learners requires small number of pupils in each class for the process to be successful. Young learners need special teachers' care and attention. They need enough time for each learner to practise the language and perform the various activities. Therefore, it has been recommended that large classes must be reduced to normal-size classes.
أسماء محمد أبوصاع (2010)

Abstract Biocides (disinfectants and antiseptics) are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of applications. However, their antibacterial effectiveness is not always well stated by the manufacturers and consumers find it difficult to choose the right product according to their needs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate practically achieves disinfection efficacy of locally available disinfectants and antiseptics on surfaces and infectious microbiological utilities of Tripoli Medical Center (TMC). Fourteen biocides; Ten disinfectants (Dex36, Dex50, Dex53, Mzid-S, Mzid-AF, Deson, Dettol, Seem, Chlor and Wipol) and four antiseptics (HiBi, Esept, Emed and Desman) were tested at concentrations recommended by manufacturers on surfaces, walls and different utilities that were contaminated by locally circulating six isolates of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, Klebscilla pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using four standard evaluation test procedures (capacity test, diffusion test, in-use test and suspension test). Results showed the highest average log reduction (7.4) of test bacteria was given by quaternary ammonium based disinfectants; Dex50, Dex53, Deson-AF and Mzid-S. A comparable average log reduction of test bacteria was noted (7.0, 7.2 and 7.3) for Deson-AF, Dex.50 and Dex.53 respectively. In contrast HiBi as an alcoholic based antiseptic gave the highest average log reduction (7.2) against tested bacteria. Desman, Emed and Wipol antiseptics had poor antibacterial activity on tested bacteria causing almost undetectable log reduction in cell viability. From contamination point of view, five critical departments in Tripoli Medical Centre (TMC) namely; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Surgical ICU, Dermatology, Oncology, and Urology departments were found contaminated with six types of bacteria. Bacillus cereuses followed by Klebscilla pneumonia were the most bacteria spread in whole five mentioned departments, particularly in dermatology department. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was next most widespread bacterium and almost isolated equally from the five medical departments. Acinetobacter baumannii had been isolated from Neonatal ICU; whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been isolated from Oncology Department and Surgical ICU respectively. In addition, Dex36, Chlor, Chlor, Wipol, Desman and E-med exhibited bacterial contamination in both capacity and in-use tests. In conclusions, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and combination of QACs with aldehyde formulations were found to be the best disinfectants for disinfection of contaminated surfaces.
عتيقة صالح الهادي (2016)