نبات الفيجل (Ruta graveolens) يتبع عائلة (Rutaceae) تم تجميعه من منطقة عين زارة (حولى 15 كيلو متر جنوب طرابلس). جنس Ruta متوطن في منطقة حوض البحر المتوسط يضم حوالي 60 نوع، ينشر على طول حوض البحر المتوسط و في مناطق الحارة من قارة اسيا. في ليبيا يوجد نوعان من هذا النبات و هما R.chalpensis and R.graveolens الأبحاث السابقة على انواع مختلفة تابعة لجنس Ruta اظهرت احتوائها عدة مركبات منها القلويدات، فلافونيدات، الزيوت الطياؤة الجليكوسايدات، الكيومارين و الستيرولس. من خلال الكشف الكيميائي المبدئى تبين ان المستخلص الميثانولى لنبات الفيجل يحوى على: فلافونيدات، جلايكوسيدات، كربوهيدرات، قلويدات، صابونين تانين، كيومارين وستريودات. مادة الروتن Rutin وهي عبارة عن مادة فلافونيدية تم فصلها من مستخلص نبات الفيجل بواسطة عمود الكرماتوغرافيا و تم حساب نسبتها في المستخلص حيث وجدت 2,3%، و تم تقييم المستخلص و مادة الروتن المفصولة من حيث نشاطه المضاد للاكسدة باستعمال طريقة ال DPPH وتبين وجود نشاط ملحوظ كمضاد للاكسدة مقارنة بالمادة القياسية للروتين Rutin .كما اظهر المستخلص الميثانولى للنبات نشاط مضاد لنمو بكتيريا staph aereus بينما لم تظهر مادة الروتن اى نشاط مضاد للبكتيريا، كما لم يظهر المستخلص الميثانولى و مادة الروتن اى نشاط مضاد لفطر الCandida. Abstract: Ruta graveolens (rue) (Family Rutaceae) is locally known as "Fejjil", which was collected from Ain Zara (15Km, south of Tripoli). The genus of Ruta, It features mainly shrubby plants, native to the Mediterranean region. About 60 species in Mediterranean region and temperate Asia; 2 species are found in Libya. R.chalepensis L, and R.graveolens. In this study a preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of R. graveolens revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cumarines and steroids. Rutin bioflavonoid was isolated by column chromatography from methanol extract of R. graveolens the calculate quantity and found that the % of rutin in leaves extract was 2.33% w/w. The methanol extract of R. graveolens and isolated rutin were assessed for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, where it showed significant level of free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity in comparison with standard rutin. The methanol extract of R. Graveolens showed antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aeures while isolated rutin showed no activity, also R.graveolens extract has no effect against candida strains.
محمد عبدالله سعد (2012)

ABSTRACT Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) is an angiosperm belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family generally characterized by climbing herbaceous vine with tendrils. The fruits vary in size, colour, shape and weight and have a moderately hard rind, with a thick edible flesh, and numerous seeds in the fruit which are either plump and tan or soft white.Preliminary phytochemical evaluation on different extracts of seed and fruit of C.maxima reveals the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, coumerins, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and glycosides. A C.maximum contains antioxidants (such as: tocopherols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, carotenoids or ascorbic acid) which are molecule that are capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules. They may protect cells from damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions by being oxidized themselves.Free radical scavenging or antioxidant activity of the extract was determined on the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. Antibacterial activity of the crude extract was determined by Cup-cut agar diffusion method.The pulp and seed extracts showed significant antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner with good IC50 values. For the pulp IC50(s) were 4.25 ± 0.05, 3.84 ± 1.18 and 4.12 ± 0.32 for petroleum ether, chloroform and Methanol extracts, respectively. In addition the the seed IC50(s) were 9.22 ± 0.20, 14.5 ± 0.14 and 5.97 ± 1.70 for petroleum ether, chloroform and Methanol extracts, respectively. C.maxima extracts contains antioxidants that prevent the oxidative damage to DNA in presence of DNA damaging agent (Sybr Gold) at a high concentration. The percentage of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of C. maxima determines the ability of antioxidant to scavenge the hydroxyl radicals. The antioxidant activity of C. maxima extracts has high scavenging activity (thermodynamic property) and relatively high reaction rate (kinetic property); therefore, the second order rate constant (ks) of the H-atom transfer from antioxidant to the hydroxyl radical was seen. The seed extract showed antibacterial properties on both Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria used in this study. This means that C. maxima are useful as potential antibacterial agents. It was also observed from this study, the variations in the antibacterial activities of the C. maxima may be due to the differences in their bioactive compositions or concentrations. In conclusion, the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of fruit and seeds of C.maxima provide valuable information regarding their identification, authentication and chemical constituents which may be useful for the standardization and preparation of medicinal plants. The constituents of fruit and seeds of C. maxima may have several medicinal properties and can be utilized for the treatment of various diseases. Further research on this species in Libya may help in the isolation of therapeutically potent compounds which can be finally be subjected to pharmacological activities, thus leading to opening up new avenues in the use of natural products for therapeutic purpose.
إيناس عبدالله السعداوي (2016)

The antibiotic elansolid C1 (8) was isolated from Chitinophaga sancti strain FxGBF13 after fermentation in the presence of anthranilic acid. Remarkably, 8 was also obtained by addition of anthranilic acid to a crude fermentation extract containing the macrolide elansolid A2 (1*). This Michael-type conjugate addition allowed us to generate 21 new derivatives of elansolid C1 (9-29) by using various nucleophiles. Biological activities of all derivatives were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and the mouse cell line L929. arabic 9 English 74
Heinrich Steinmetz, Wiebke Zander, Muftah A. M. Shushni, Rolf Jansen, Klaus Gerth, Richard Dehn, Gerald Dräger, Andreas Kirschning, Rolf Müller(8-2012)