Abstract: Ciprofloxacin is a second-generation of fluoroquinolone, broad-spectrum antibiotic with bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. It is one of the most widely used antibiotics, because of its efficacy, safety, and relatively low cost. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is water-soluble monosaccharide antioxidant; it is essentially required by the body for its various biochemical and physiological processes. S. aureus is Gram-positive cocci; widely distributed in the environment, it is a member of the normal flora of the body. S. aureus is not always pathogenic; it is a common cause of skin infections including abscesses, respiratory infections such as sinusitis, and food poisoning. E. coli is Gram-negative bacteria, found in the environment, foods, and intestines. Most E. coli strains are harmless; it is part of the normal microbiota of the gut. However, some serotypes of E. coli cause serious food poisoning in their hosts; it can cause diarrhea, while others cause urinary tract infections, respiratory illness and pneumonia, and other illnesses. Method: Cup cut diffusion method was applied. Experiment I: is carried out to choose the concentration of vitamin C to be used in experiment II. The negative control is normal saline, added in cup in each plate, vitamin C (100 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL) was added, the volume in each cup was 100 μL. Experiment II: Eight groups of treatments were applied. The first is the negative control (1% normal saline), the second group is the positive control of vitamin C (200 mg/mL). The third, fourth and fifth groups are ciprofloxacin with different concentrations (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL); the sixth, seventh and eighth are the combination of vitamin C with each concentration of ciprofloxacin (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL). Each group includes six petri dishes. Bacterial plates were incubated at 37 o C for 24 h and 48 h. Zone of inhibition is measured in mm. Results and conclusion: Ciprofloxacin produces dose dependent increase in zone of inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli growth, after 24 and 48 hours incubation. While vitamin C in the concentration used produced inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, after 24 hours incubation, vitamin C effect was not changed after 48 hours incubation. After 24 hours incubation, vitamin C potentiated the effect of ciprofloxacin at low concentration (10 mg/mL); while vitamin C antagonized the effect of ciprofloxacin at higher concentrations (20 and 40 mg/mL) on S. aureus growth. In the same time, ciprofloxacin antagonized the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on S. aureus growth. After 48 hours incubation, S. aureus produced resistance against ciprofloxacin alone, and that combined with vitamin C compared to zone of inhibition after 24 hours. Ciprofloxacin produced dose dependent inhibition of E. coli growth after incubation for 24 and 48 hours. Vitamin C potentiated the inhibitory effect induced by ciprofloxacin (additive effect). The inhibitory effect of ciprofloxacin, vitamin C and the combination was not changed after 48 hours compared to 24 hours.
Bassma M. Doro, Suhera M. Aburawi(7-2019)

Background: The fat extracted from the nut of the African Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is called Shea butter. It has multiple uses at the local level as it is used in cosmetic products and as a cocoa butter substitute in chocolate industries. It has a high nutritious value and is also a valuable product on the local, national, and international markets, making it the ideal candidate to research and invest in. Aim: This study is a comparative experimental study of the possible burn healing effects between imported South African raw Shea butter and samples in a Libyan market. Method: The control samples were brought from South Africa (Benin traditional markets). A total of 18 different samples were collected from different sale centers in Tripoli, including pharmacies, beauty shops, and spices shops, in addition to one sample brought from Poland. Animal experiment on burn healing effect was carried out on nine male Sprague Dawley (350–400 g) rats aged 6–8 weeks old. After shaving the animal’s dorsum hair, a metal cube was used to create a deep second degree burn wound, and the cube was heated to 100°C for 20 seconds. Medication with Shea butter (control, T1, and T2) was initiated daily for one for these groups by the application of a thin film of the Shea butter samples on the burned areas. On days 1, 3, and 7, the rats were anesthetised and a sample from the burned scar tissue and skin adjacent were evaluated using pathological parameters. Results: The histological study indicates that the use of Shea butter T1 as topical treatment induces an immune response, which enhances the form of the presence of a large number of inflammatory cells in the epidermis and dermis layers. The treatment of burned skin with T2 lasted for 72 hours and it showed slightly significant healing in the normal structure of proliferative granulation tissue with accumulation of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells surrounding the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Small areas of the epidermis which formed few layers were observed and some hair roots were grown. This was well seen in cases of T1 and T2. Shea butter bought as raw might have a bad effect on burned skin. Conclusion: Shea butter bought as raw might have bad effect on burned skin. On the other hand, the sample from Poland had a therapeutic effect, which was because of the additives such as avocado oil, grape seed oil, and others. arabic 18 English 101
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi, Soad Ali Abdulsalam Treesh, ٍSuhera Mehemed Abdulsalam Aburawi, , , (11-2020)

شجرة الزيتون والمعروفة علميا بإسم Olea europaea موطنها حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط. وتعتبر منتجات شجرة الزيتون من العناصر المهمة في الغذاء الصحي ودلك لاحتوائها علي مركبات الفينول. العديد من الدراسات على أوراق وزيت الزيتون بينت إن لهذه المشتقات من شجرة الزيتون فعالية في إنقاص معدل حدوث أمراض القلب. كما بينت نتائج التجارب المعملية و التي تم فيها استخدام خلاصة أوراق الزيتون على الحيوانات العديد من التأثيرات: مثل التأثير المضاد للأكسدة، المضاد للجراثيم والفيروسات ،و خافض لضغط الدم ومنظم لخفقات القلب وخافض لمستوى السكر في الدم ومنع تكدس الصفائح الدموية. كما بينت الدراسات أن إتباع نظام غدائي تقليدي كما هو الحال في منطقة حوض البحر المتوسط يودي إلي نقص ملحوظ في عدد الوفيات الإجمالي. ومن خلال مراجعة مانشر من أبحاث عن منتجات شجرة الزيتون وجدنا أن أغلبها ركزت على زيت الزيتون وخاصة تأثيره على الجهاز الدوري وعلاقته بالدم وتجلطه ومن هنا رأينا إن نقوم بدراسة التأثير المضاد للجلطة الناتج عن إعطاء المستخلص الكحولي لأوراق الزيتون المحلية على الأرانب. تم تقسيم حيوانات التجارب ( الأرانب ) إلى أربع مجموعات كل مجموعة تحتوي علي ستة أرانب. وتم إعطاء الدواء و الدواء الكاذب عن طريق الفم . المجموعة الأولى والثانية أعطيت جرعات متكررة 100 و 200 مليجرام/كيلوجرام من المستخلص الكحولي لأوراق الزيتون عن طريق الفم المجموعة الثالثة أعطيت جرعة من الدواء الكاذب (الماء) أما المجموعة الرابعة فأعطيت عقار الوارفارين 1.5 مليجرام/كيلوجرام/اليوم . وتم إستحداث الجلطة الوريدية عن طريق عقار الترومبوبلاستين وربط الوريد الأجوف (الأبهر). تم قياس التأثير الدوائي بعد ثمانية أسابيع من إعطاء الجرعة اليومية. وتم قياس وزن الجلطة وزمن التجلط Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (PT and APTT). وأظهرت الدراسة إن المستخلص الكحولي لأورق الزيتون يزيد من الزمن اللازم لحدوث الجلطة (PT) و ليس له تأثير على وزن الجلطة ولكن له تأثير على شكلها ومكان تواجدها في داخل الوريد. Abstract Olive tree, botanically known as Olea europaea (native to Mediterranean regions). Its products have been recognized as important components of a healthy diet because of their phenolic content. Olive leaves and olive oils in the Mediterranean diet have been the focus of many epidemiological studies and have been shown to reduce the incidence of heart diseases and adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a significant reduction in total mortality. The aim of our study is to investigate (in vivo) the antithrombic effect of locally cultivated olive leaf ethanolic extract on the rabbits. The rabbits were divided into four groups, two groups were treated with repeated oral doses of OLE of 100 and 200 mg/kg for eight weeks, the third group was treated with distilled water and the fourth group was given warfarin (1.25 mg/kg/day).The effect of the treatment was evaluated on thrombus weight, and coagulation parameters Prothrombine time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Our results showed that OLE had no effect on thrombus weight compared with control group treated with distilled water. Prothrombin time was significantly prolonged in the OLE- treated rabbit. However, the APTT was not significantly affected by this treatment. The shape of thrombus was also affected in rabbits treated with OLE. In conclusion the effect of OLE may be attributed to an improvement in endothelial function.
عبدالله محمد الدب (2010)