Oil and its derivatives spills have been a major issue across decades and it is hard to biodegrade even though there are many techniques are being developed to clean up petroleum contaminated soil. Phytoremediation has long been applied as a treatment technology that is cost-effective, ecologically friendly and efficient for the decontamination of hydrocarbon pollution. In this study, four crude oil contaminated soil samples were collected from oil extraction fields in Libya. Three plants were chosen (Malva punilora, Ricinus communis and Triticum repens) on 0.5% and 1% crude oil contaminated soil .The chosen plant species were implanted individually in the contaminated soil pots. Soil sample (triplicate) was taken from each pot at zero time, after 15 days. After 30 days and after 45 days of experiment. Hexane was added to the soil samples, mixed, filtered and the absorbance was measured using spectrophotometer at 360 nm. The results were compared to the standard curve to calculate the crude oil concentration and percentage of removal. As a result the highest percentage of removal of 0.5 % crude oil contaminated soil was by Triticum repens (94%) after 30 days of experiment followed by Malva parviflora(88.5) and Ricinus communis(77 %). While in 1% crude oil contaminated soil pots experiment, the highest percentage of removal was by Malva parviflora (89%) after 30 days of experiment followed by Triticum repens (80%) and Ricinus communis (76 %). Triticum repens showed good results suggesting more field application. arabic 15 English 97
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi, , AMAL .A ABOALLA AMMAR, , (1-2015)

Annona muricata (Graviola) has many medicinal properties and used widely in traditional medicine for treatment various disorders. The present study was conducted to evaluate phytochemical and quality control (QC) of random sample of graviola dietary supplement capsules (DS) which sold in the Libyan market as anticancer product. As well as the present work designed to evaluate heatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of graviola fruit pulp or aqueous DS of graviola capsules against trichloroacetic acid (TCA) induced hepatotoxicity in albino mice. Quality control parameters were determined on random samples of graviola DS using standard methods. A total of 120 female mice were divided into 6 groups and were used for biological screening to determine biochemical and histopathological alteration in liver of mice treated with TCA with or without aqueous extract of A.muricata fruit pulp or DS of graviola. The results of quality control and phytochemical screening revealed that all quality control tests conducted on the random sample of DS capsules of graviola were within normal values according to the standards of the Quality Control Center for Pharmaceuticals in Tripoli, only few samples showed slight increase in the moisture content. However, all samples appeared free from microbial contamination. While, growth of fungal contamination (Pencillium Spp) in the same samples were detected but all samples appeared free from aflatoxins contamination. Also, all samples were free from industrial radioactive contamination. Phytochemical study revealed presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroids, glycosides, falvonoids, anthraquinones, saponin and coumarins in extracts of graviola fruit pulp and graviola DS capsules. However, absence some phytochemical components in DS capsules was detected. The result of biological screening revealed that no clinical signs and abnormalities in behavior and external feature in mice treated with aqueous extract of graviola fruit pulp or aqueous extract of graviola DS capsules. However, the treatment with aqueous extract of graviola fruit pulp and DS of graviola reduced the abnormal changes in behavior and external features in female mice intoxicated with TCA, markedly reduced the mortality in TCA administrated mice and induced slight improvement in the final body weight comparing to TCA only intoxicated group. Biochemical study revealed that administration of aqueous extract of graviola fruit pulp or aqueous extract of DS of graviola significantly decreased the elevated serum activities of AST and ALT compared to TCA only intoxicated mice. Histological examination revealed that administration of aqueous extract of graviola fruit plup or aqueous extract of DS of graviola with TCA induced ameliorative changes and disappearance of the most pathological changes in the liver tissue compared to of TCA only intoxicated mice and the ameliorating changes were more obvious in the mice treated with aqueous extracts of DS of graviola and TCA. The present results demonstrate that A. muricata play an important role in the protection against TCA induced hepatotoxicity. It can be concluded that the present study provide some pharmacological and therapeutical informations about extract of the graviola fruit pulp and DS of graviola capsules which can use in future investigations and applications and demonstrated presence of important phyochemical constituents in the graviola fruit pulp extract and DS of graviola capsules. The extract of the graviola fruit pulp and DS of graviola capsules have protective effects against TCA induced liver toxicity in mice. arabic 33 English 168
Ajlal A. A. Alzergy, Mukhtar R. Haman, Muftah A. M. Shushni, , Fairouz A. Almagtouf (2-2018)

نبات الفيجل (Ruta graveolens) يتبع عائلة (Rutaceae) تم تجميعه من منطقة عين زارة (حولى 15 كيلو متر جنوب طرابلس). جنس Ruta متوطن في منطقة حوض البحر المتوسط يضم حوالي 60 نوع، ينشر على طول حوض البحر المتوسط و في مناطق الحارة من قارة اسيا. في ليبيا يوجد نوعان من هذا النبات و هما R.chalpensis and R.graveolens الأبحاث السابقة على انواع مختلفة تابعة لجنس Ruta اظهرت احتوائها عدة مركبات منها القلويدات، فلافونيدات، الزيوت الطياؤة الجليكوسايدات، الكيومارين و الستيرولس. من خلال الكشف الكيميائي المبدئى تبين ان المستخلص الميثانولى لنبات الفيجل يحوى على: فلافونيدات، جلايكوسيدات، كربوهيدرات، قلويدات، صابونين تانين، كيومارين وستريودات. مادة الروتن Rutin وهي عبارة عن مادة فلافونيدية تم فصلها من مستخلص نبات الفيجل بواسطة عمود الكرماتوغرافيا و تم حساب نسبتها في المستخلص حيث وجدت 2,3%، و تم تقييم المستخلص و مادة الروتن المفصولة من حيث نشاطه المضاد للاكسدة باستعمال طريقة ال DPPH وتبين وجود نشاط ملحوظ كمضاد للاكسدة مقارنة بالمادة القياسية للروتين Rutin .كما اظهر المستخلص الميثانولى للنبات نشاط مضاد لنمو بكتيريا staph aereus بينما لم تظهر مادة الروتن اى نشاط مضاد للبكتيريا، كما لم يظهر المستخلص الميثانولى و مادة الروتن اى نشاط مضاد لفطر الCandida. Abstract: Ruta graveolens (rue) (Family Rutaceae) is locally known as "Fejjil", which was collected from Ain Zara (15Km, south of Tripoli). The genus of Ruta, It features mainly shrubby plants, native to the Mediterranean region. About 60 species in Mediterranean region and temperate Asia; 2 species are found in Libya. R.chalepensis L, and R.graveolens. In this study a preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of R. graveolens revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cumarines and steroids. Rutin bioflavonoid was isolated by column chromatography from methanol extract of R. graveolens the calculate quantity and found that the % of rutin in leaves extract was 2.33% w/w. The methanol extract of R. graveolens and isolated rutin were assessed for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, where it showed significant level of free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity in comparison with standard rutin. The methanol extract of R. Graveolens showed antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aeures while isolated rutin showed no activity, also R.graveolens extract has no effect against candida strains.
محمد عبدالله سعد (2012)