The poor rate of drug discovery for the control of Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) including schistosomiasis has necessitated effective management of existing drugs by modulating their delivery. Nanotechnology-based colloidal drug carriers have been explored to improve the activity and safety profile of drugs for NTDs including parasitic diseases. In developing new drug delivery systems for schistosomiasis, research efforts have focused mainly on Praziquantel (PZQ) as the sole antischistosomal agent in current clinical practice. Carrier systems of the polymer, inorganic and lipid-based type have been investigated for the delivery of PZQ. However, promising results were obtained using lipid-based delivery systems including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and nanoemulsions. Selection of these lipid carrier systems has been based on the lipophilicity of PZQ, controlled drug release, potential increase in its bioavailability by promoting lymphatic absorption to bypass the extensive first pass effect biodistribution to the host liver and enhancement of PZQ interaction with the worm tegument of a similar phospholipid nature.
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi(2-2022)

Acetylmelodorinol, chrysin and polycarpol, together with benzoic acid, benzoquinone and stigmasterol were isolated from the leaves of Mitrella kentii (Bl.) Miq. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production in human whole blood using a radioimmunoassay technique. Their inhibitory effect on platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor binding to rabbit platelet was determined using 3H-PAF as a ligand. Among the compounds tested, chrysin showed a strong dose-dependent inhibitory activity on PGE2 production (IC50 value of 25.5 μM), which might be due to direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymatic activity. Polycarpol, acetylmelodorinol and stigmasterol exhibited significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on TXB2 production with IC50 values of 15.6, 19.1 and 19.4 μM, respectively, suggesting that they strongly inhibited COX-1 activity. Polycarpol and acetylmelodorinol showed strong dose-dependent inhibitory effects on PAF receptor binding with IC50 values of 24.3 and 24.5 μM, respectively. arabic 23 English 159
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi, Juriyati Jalil, Malina Jasamai, Ibrahim Jantan(4-2012)

نبات الفيجل (Ruta graveolens) يتبع عائلة (Rutaceae) تم تجميعه من منطقة عين زارة (حولى 15 كيلو متر جنوب طرابلس). جنس Ruta متوطن في منطقة حوض البحر المتوسط يضم حوالي 60 نوع، ينشر على طول حوض البحر المتوسط و في مناطق الحارة من قارة اسيا. في ليبيا يوجد نوعان من هذا النبات و هما R.chalpensis and R.graveolens الأبحاث السابقة على انواع مختلفة تابعة لجنس Ruta اظهرت احتوائها عدة مركبات منها القلويدات، فلافونيدات، الزيوت الطياؤة الجليكوسايدات، الكيومارين و الستيرولس. من خلال الكشف الكيميائي المبدئى تبين ان المستخلص الميثانولى لنبات الفيجل يحوى على: فلافونيدات، جلايكوسيدات، كربوهيدرات، قلويدات، صابونين تانين، كيومارين وستريودات. مادة الروتن Rutin وهي عبارة عن مادة فلافونيدية تم فصلها من مستخلص نبات الفيجل بواسطة عمود الكرماتوغرافيا و تم حساب نسبتها في المستخلص حيث وجدت 2,3%، و تم تقييم المستخلص و مادة الروتن المفصولة من حيث نشاطه المضاد للاكسدة باستعمال طريقة ال DPPH وتبين وجود نشاط ملحوظ كمضاد للاكسدة مقارنة بالمادة القياسية للروتين Rutin .كما اظهر المستخلص الميثانولى للنبات نشاط مضاد لنمو بكتيريا staph aereus بينما لم تظهر مادة الروتن اى نشاط مضاد للبكتيريا، كما لم يظهر المستخلص الميثانولى و مادة الروتن اى نشاط مضاد لفطر الCandida. Abstract: Ruta graveolens (rue) (Family Rutaceae) is locally known as "Fejjil", which was collected from Ain Zara (15Km, south of Tripoli). The genus of Ruta, It features mainly shrubby plants, native to the Mediterranean region. About 60 species in Mediterranean region and temperate Asia; 2 species are found in Libya. R.chalepensis L, and R.graveolens. In this study a preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of R. graveolens revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cumarines and steroids. Rutin bioflavonoid was isolated by column chromatography from methanol extract of R. graveolens the calculate quantity and found that the % of rutin in leaves extract was 2.33% w/w. The methanol extract of R. graveolens and isolated rutin were assessed for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, where it showed significant level of free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity in comparison with standard rutin. The methanol extract of R. Graveolens showed antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aeures while isolated rutin showed no activity, also R.graveolens extract has no effect against candida strains.
محمد عبدالله سعد (2012)