The ever-increasing demand for natural products and biotechnology, derived from bees and ultramodernization of various analytical devices, has facilitated the rational and planned development of biotechnology products with a focus on human health to treat chronic and neglected diseases. This study aimed to prepare, characterize and examine the stability and evaluation of the antioxidant and the antibacterial activity of Libyan propolis. Propolis Nanoparticles PNP were prepared using particle size reduction, then Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) at a magnification of X 25000, was used for accurate evaluation of the size distribution of NPs. Three different concentration (10, 5, 2.5 mg/ml) of propolis and nano-propolis powder were tested for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The quantitative antioxidant activity test results using UV Spectrophotometer absorbance at 517 nm. The antibacterial activities of propolis and prepared nano propolis at different concentrations (10, 5 and 2.5mg/ml) were tested on bacterial strain, Klebsiella, human mouth, skin, and surface bacteria using cup cut diffusion method. The findings exhibited that the prepared propolis Nanoparticles (PNPs) were generally non-spherical with a size 100-200 nm. The PNP was a nano-sized particle around 316 nm in diameter. Zeta potential of PNP showed a negative surface charge value (− 48 mV) which was sufficiently high to avoid NPs aggregation. This value represents a stable and dispersed suspension of NPs and disables the tendency of aggregations in a short in period of time. Poly dispersity index (PdI) of synthetized PNP was used as a measurement of the size distribution. PdI values for PrNP were generally uniform with PdI 0.3 indicating monodispersity of the prepared systems. The propolis and PNPs displayed good antioxidant activity with inhibition percentage (77%, 46% and 18%) for propolis and (82%, 66% and 37%) for PNPs. Propolis nanoparticles showed to have more antibacterial effect compared to propolis. Libyan propolis nanoparticles has shown to be potential candidates as antioxidant and antibacterial agent.
sakina Salem Saadawi, Rabia O Alghazeer, Hanin N. Mughrbi, Bushra M. Dakhil, Rokaya O. Amara, Khairi A. Alennabi, Riham M. El-Moslemany, Khadija O. Turkman, Masarra A. Daraweel(3-2022)

Abstract Five symmetrical Schiff base ligands[four bi-dentate and one tetradentate(L3- L7)] and two un-symmetrical bi-dentate and tri-dentate (L1-L2) ligands with the Nitrogen and oxygen chromophore were isolated inpure form and good yield. The ligands were fully characterized by elemental analyses, melting point, IR, H1- &13C- NMR, and mass spectra.The Schiff bases L1 and L2 were successfully coordinated to Pd(II) and VO2+ ions respectively and these complexes were characterized using elemental analyses, IR and mass spectra. The interesting result by mass spectrum of VO2+ complex of L2 shows parent peak at 524 confirming that the formula of the complex as [VOL2(ac.ac.)2H2O] in which the complex has an octahedral geometry.The symmetrical Schiff bases (L3-L7) were also successfully coordinated to Nickel (II), Copper (II), Lead (II), Cadmium (II), and Mercury (II) ions to form their corresponding complexes. The total twenty five metal (II) XI Schiff base complexes of (L3-L7) were isolated. These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, melting points, IR, mass spectra technique. 1H &13C-NMR Spectra in DMSO d6 for Pb, Cd, and Hg complexes show the expected number of peaks with deferent chemical shift comparing with the free ligands in the same solvent. The interesting result by mass spectrum of Ni(L7)2 complex compred with of L7 spectra shows parent peak at 977 confirming that the ligand L7 has lost one proton to give the desire complex in square planar geometry.
حميدة أحمد سالم العباني (2015)

تحتوي منظفات الأغراض العامة على مواد فعالة أساسية ذات نشاط سطحي أنيونية (سالبة)، وهي مواد تتميز بسمية عالية، ولها مخاطر صحية تسبب أمراضاً سرطانية، وتأثيراً ضاراً على الجينات.تستهلك مدينة طرابلس أطنانا من هذه المنظفات، وبأجراء مسح للسوق المحلي لمنتجات العناية بالشعر والجسم لأكثر من (100) صنف من الشامبو، وجدنا أن أكثر المنتجات وبالأحرى كلها تحتوي على المكون (sodium lauryl sulfate ) الخطير والذي تم تعيين نسبته في بعض المنتجات، فكانت ما بين 2 إلى19%.وهذه المواد تأخذ طريقها إلى النظام المائي من خلال تدفق مياه مخلفات الصرف الصحي للأرض أوفي مياه البحر مسببة التلوث البيئي.تركيز هذه المواد في مياه البحر زاد خلال السنوات الأخيرة، فبالتالي الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تقدير مستوى تركيز هذه المواد في المياه الجوفية ومياه البحر على طول ساحل مدينة طرابلس.تم تعيين تركيز المواد ذات النشاط السطحي الأنيونية في مياه البحر لساحل مدينة طرابلس عند سبع نقاط تمثل مصبات الصرف الصحي في البحر في أربعة أشهر من السنة (النوار والطير وهانيبال والحرث).كذلك تم تعيين التركيز الكلي للمواد ذات النشاط السطحي الأنيونية في المياه الجوفية من الآبار القريبة من نقاط تدفق أنابيب مياه الصرف الصحي خلال شهري النوار والطير باستخدام طرق وأجهزة تحليل متقدمة.تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة بأن مستويات تركيز المواد ذات النشاط السطحي الأنيونية في عينات مياه البحر تتراوح بين0.003 -1046مليجرام/لتر وفي عينات المياه الجوفية (التي تم تجميعها من مياه الآبار القريبة من الساحل والتي تبعد مسافة 250-300م عن مصبات مياه الصرف الصحي) تراوح مستوى التركيز لهذه المواد مابين 0.141-0.77 مليجرام/لتر. كما تم تعيين تركيز المواد ذات النشاط السطحي الأنيونية في عينات قبل وبعد المعالجة التي تم الحصول عليها من محطة الهضبة – غرب طرابلس لتنقية مياه الصرف الصحي ومن خلال النتائج أتضح أن تركيز هذه المواد قل بعد المعالجة بنسبة 74%. Abstract House hold detergents contain in its active matters called surfactants. Some of these chemicals are toxic and carcinogenic. Tripoli city in Libya consumes tons of these detergents every year. The survey of Tripoli city market showed at least 100 brands of hair Shampoo contain anionic surfactant. The common anionic surfactant in Shampoo is Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. The concentrations of this chemical ranged between 2 to 19% in some Shampoo brands. These anionic surfactant after their use in cleaning ends up into the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels and the concentration of anionic surfactant in sea water، ground water and treated water around Tripoli city in Libya.Anionic surfactants active matters concentrations in sea water were determined during four seasons in seven sites along Tripoli shore. These sites represent the wastewater effluent from Tripoli municipal pipes. The concentrations of total anionic surfactant in ground water were also determined during February and April at sits near the municipal pipes.The results obtained showed that the levels of anionic surfactant in sea water and ground water ranged between 0.003-10.46mg/L and 0.141-0.77mg/L respectively.Water from water treatment plant at Hadba station showed an average concentration reduction by about 74% for anionic surfactant.
أسماء علي محمد البلعزي (2007)