As a result of the negative effect of the Barcelona process, the Arab states increased their level of coordination and cooperation. Bilateral and multilateral joins meeting is noticeably increased. arabic 14 English 91
Mustafa A. A. Kashiem(1-2021)

On August 30, 2008 in Benghazi, Libya and Italy signed the Treaty on Friendship, Partnership and Cooperation,2 after a long negotiating process that began under previous Italian governments and was signed by the contemporary Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi. The treaty entered into force on March 2, 2009, when ratifications were exchanged during Prime Minister Berlusconi’s visit to Libya. The signing of the Benghazi Treaty by the Italian and Libyan leaders resulted in varied reactions from politicians, scholars, commentators, and prominent figures from international organizations.3 While some may have opposed or had reservations on certain provisions of the treaty, others supported it and considered it a first step towards the process of narrowing the gap of differences between the two sides. As the Benghazi Treaty is a bilateral partnership agreement, it reflects political-security, economic-financial, and social-cultural dimensions simultaneously. But, the description and analysis of the Benghazi Treaty reflect the methodological aspects of this study; therefore, the next subsection will explore the dimension of data and methodology. arabic 20 English 101
Mustafa A. A. Kashiem(1-2010)

لقد نتج عن بروز النظام العالمي الجديد في بداية عقد التسعينيات من القرن العشرين عقد مؤتمرات دولية لوضع مبادئ وقواعد التعامل في إطار هذا النظام. وعليه، فإن مخرجات النظام العالمي الجديد الذي جسدها مؤتمر مالطا جسدة أسس التعامل بين الطراف الفاعلة وغير الفاعلة حيث صيغت مخرجات مؤتمر مالطا لصالح الأطراف الأقوى. arabic 115 English 4
د. مصطفى عبد الله أبو القاسم خشيم(1-1999)