Abstract: With limited classroom, time, in appropriate approaches used in dealing with writing, can cause many problems for teachers and learners. In addition, in the perception of many teachers and some learners writing in English, is not within the scope of their objectives in the first place. A language program and teachers using it may not view time used in writing in classes as well time spent, preferring the time to be spent on more active aspects of language learning, such as learning the language grammar and vocabulary. Unlike speaking and reading, writing is generally a silent reflective activity, “especially productive writing”. Also, many teachers regard emphasizing the development of the learners writing ability as something that takes care of itself, or as a side matter that can be taken care of in the form of an occasional homework. In fewer words writing is less fortunate as well as the other productive skill “speaking in relation to the perceptive skill" listening and speaking "in teaching language. This research attempts to find an answer to the following question: “why do English learners in preparatory schools in Libya fail to learn to write? Therefore, it aims at finding, and pointing out the causes of the problems that face 3rd year preparatory learners in acquiring the ability to write English properly, that is, from the linguistic and educational perspective.
نجاة علي بن غزالة (2012)

" من خلال تجربته كأستاذ للغة الانجليزية بالإدارة العامة للتدريب والنادي الاجتماعي لاحظ الباحث إن معظم ضباط الشرطة لديهم الحافز(الدافع) القوي لتعلم اللغة الانجليزية وذلك كلا حسب مكان وطبيعة عملة وامكانياتة. ومن خلال تواجد الباحث تمكن من معرفة بعض المعوقات التي تكون محبطة لحافز التعلم اللغوي لديهم. لذلك تقرر البحث في هذه المشكلة وتقديم بعض المقترحات التي تساعد علي رفع مستوي الحافز لدي ضباط الشرطة لتعلم اللغة الانجليزية. قام الباحث أولا بجمع المعلومات من خلال إجراء استبيان ومسح لبعض أراء كبار ضباط الشرطة في هذا الصدد. ويتضمن البحث أربعة فصول وهي كالأتي: الفصل الأول: يتناول عرضا شاملا لدور الحافز في تعليم اللغة الانجليزية لدي ضباط الشرطة. الفصل الثاني: دراسة عملية عن دور الحافز لدي ضباط الشرطة في تعلم اللغة الانجليزية. الفصل الثالث: يتناول هذا الفصل تحليلا لنتائج الدراسة العملية التي أجريت على ضباط الشرطة. الفصل الرابع: وينتهي بالنتائج والتوصيات التي توصل إليها.  Abstract: Some police officers in Libya are still not clear about the reasons why they need to learn English. Most of them have studied English for a long time, since preparatory school, and they are not aware of the benefits they gained through learning English. It is easy for them to follow teachers’ instructions without strong motivated self-learning. The phenomena of a few independent learning models may explain why police officers usually do not have a systematic way of learning English, or a clear goal for studying the language. However, the only concern they have is to pass the final English examination at the end of a given course. Learners’ motivation determines the degree of their efforts and personal participation in learning English. This thesis examines police officers’ motivation of learning English, looks at definitions of motivation, Gardner’s social-educational model, and addresses how to facilitate the efficient teaching. Researching Gardner’s theory on police officers’ motivation can help teachers to use classroom activities that can stimulate students’ interests in learning English better. This thesis includes four chapters: The first chapter: Background of the Study this chapter talks about Motivation and language learning. The role of motivation in success the language learning. Why ranking police officers are motivated to learn English? The second chapter: Literature Review; in this chapter I will define motivation and types of motivation. This chapter also reviews motivation theories, including Gardner’s social psychological approach and Gardner’s socio-educational model. The third chapter: In this chapter, I did an experimental study to measure motivation of ranking police officers in learning English in Tripoli and then analysis of data and findings. The fourth chapter: In this chapter, I have collected the results and Conclusion and also the recommendations of the research. The relevant motivation theories can help teachers to build a supportive learning environment, to initiate students’ interest, and to enhance their learning motivation. As far as police officers, they generally lack learning motivation and have lower proficiency; therefore it is necessary for teachers to use appropriate strategies to cultivate students’ motivation. "
محمد عمر علي عاشور (2010)

Abstract Biocides (disinfectants and antiseptics) are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of applications. However, their antibacterial effectiveness is not always well stated by the manufacturers and consumers find it difficult to choose the right product according to their needs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate practically achieves disinfection efficacy of locally available disinfectants and antiseptics on surfaces and infectious microbiological utilities of Tripoli Medical Center (TMC). Fourteen biocides; Ten disinfectants (Dex36, Dex50, Dex53, Mzid-S, Mzid-AF, Deson, Dettol, Seem, Chlor and Wipol) and four antiseptics (HiBi, Esept, Emed and Desman) were tested at concentrations recommended by manufacturers on surfaces, walls and different utilities that were contaminated by locally circulating six isolates of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, Klebscilla pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using four standard evaluation test procedures (capacity test, diffusion test, in-use test and suspension test). Results showed the highest average log reduction (7.4) of test bacteria was given by quaternary ammonium based disinfectants; Dex50, Dex53, Deson-AF and Mzid-S. A comparable average log reduction of test bacteria was noted (7.0, 7.2 and 7.3) for Deson-AF, Dex.50 and Dex.53 respectively. In contrast HiBi as an alcoholic based antiseptic gave the highest average log reduction (7.2) against tested bacteria. Desman, Emed and Wipol antiseptics had poor antibacterial activity on tested bacteria causing almost undetectable log reduction in cell viability. From contamination point of view, five critical departments in Tripoli Medical Centre (TMC) namely; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Surgical ICU, Dermatology, Oncology, and Urology departments were found contaminated with six types of bacteria. Bacillus cereuses followed by Klebscilla pneumonia were the most bacteria spread in whole five mentioned departments, particularly in dermatology department. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was next most widespread bacterium and almost isolated equally from the five medical departments. Acinetobacter baumannii had been isolated from Neonatal ICU; whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been isolated from Oncology Department and Surgical ICU respectively. In addition, Dex36, Chlor, Chlor, Wipol, Desman and E-med exhibited bacterial contamination in both capacity and in-use tests. In conclusions, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and combination of QACs with aldehyde formulations were found to be the best disinfectants for disinfection of contaminated surfaces.
عتيقة صالح الهادي (2016)