Abstract In this work, study was performed using Amorphous polymer – based composites consisting of polystyrene (PS) and carbon black (CB) . Five samples have been prepared with different weight percentage which are (0%CB+100%PS) , (5%CB+95%PS) , (15%CB+85%PS) , (25%CB+75%PS) and (35%CB+65%PS) . The electrical properties have been studied for these samples as follows : Electrical conductivity , relative dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent were measured at alternating electric field in temperature range between (30C°) and (60C°) and at four different constant frequencies (100HZ, 1KHZ, 10KHZ and 100KHZ ) . It is noted that the highest value of alternating electrical conductivity at (30C°) is for the sample of composition (25%CB+75%PS) which was (1.25x10 S/m ) and the highest value at temperature (60C°) was for same sample with value of (3.2x10 S/m ) , it should be noted that in general the electrical conductivity increases as the temperature increases where this result shows the behaviour of semiconductors. The relative dielectric constant in the pure sample (0%CB+100%PS) and the other samples with low percentage of carbon black increases as the temperature increases however it decreases as frequency increases. And the samples with higher percentage of carbon black which are (25%CB+75%PS) and (35%CB+65%PS) it was noted that the relative dielectric constant decreases as temperature increases. The lowest value was (1.26) at temperature (30C°) and frequency (10KHZ) for the sample with composition of (15%CB+85%PS), while the highest value at same temperature is (410.2) at (100HZ) for the sample with composition of (25%CB+75%PS), for the relative dielectric constant the highest result it was for the sample (5%CB+95%PS) at (607) at (100HZ) and (45C°). The dielectric loss tangent increases as the carbon black increases in all samples and it was found that the temperature influence will be at high percentage of the carbon black where the temperature of (55C°) the dielectric loss tangent increased to the highest value (1.2X10 ) for the sample of composition (35%CB+65%PS). at the high level of the carbon black it was found that the dielectric loss tangent decreases as the frequency increases.
عادل محمد التميمي (2013)

Abstract The thermoluminescence (TL) response of pure and Eu-doped Dead Sea-(DS-) NaCl crystals was investigated after subjected to various beta excitation and irradiation at room temperature from 90Sr/90Y beta source with doses up to 4 Gy. The naturally occurring DS-NaCl samples result in broad glow curves characterized by high TL intensity and TL peak with maximum temperature observed around 200 °C and exhibiting a linear dose response between 0.25 and 1.25 Gy. In this respect, the crystals are considered useful to be passive radiation detectors for TL-dosimetry and applications. The TL measurements of the purposely added Eu and irradiated to 1 Gy crystals indicate a strong influence of the TL glow curves and result in a split of the single TL peak to two prominent peaks centered around 200–250 °C, with varying intensity in a manner that depends on the annealing temperature and in favor to the deeper trap peak. The intensity enhancement after doping with europium to the lattice is approximately sixfold in favor to the prominent TL peak detected near 200 °C. Phase purity and crystalline structure of the DS-natural and Eu-doped salts were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction technique and comparison indicates good match with pure NaCl crystalline structure. arabic 9 English 66
Fawzeia Khamis(6-2021)

لقد تم في هذه الدراسة تطوير منظومةحاسوبية لدراسة تفاعل سلوك نبضة ليزر ية ذات قدرة عالية مع البلازما. ولقد إستندت هذه الدراسة علي منظومة أولية قام بإعدادها كلا من جليرت وهاندكي (Gellert and Handke) وكذلك بعض الإضافات والتعديلات التي أجريت عليها لتأخد في عين الاغتبار التغير في الأطوال الموجية، وإحتمال تغير مادةالبلازما والمرحلة الأيونية المحتملة علاوة علي ذلك الحد الفيضي (flux limiter) الذي تم حسابه من دالة تجربية وتبلور هذا البحث حول دراسة نظرية علي مجموعة من العمليات اللاخطية مثل تشتت برلين(Brillouin scattering) وتشتت رامان (Raman scattering) وفي الأخير أخذ في الاعتبار تخامد لانداو اللاخطي (non-linear Landau damping) وهو الذي يؤدي لإنتاج إلكترونات ذات درجة حرارةعالية جداً نتيجة لإنهيار الموجة الإلكترونية وفي نفس الوقت يعمل علي التقليل من سرعة نمو تشتت رامان كما تم تعديل المنظومة لتأخد في عين الاعتبار إحتمالية حدوث تشتت رامان في تجارب الإندماج النووي الليزري. من هذه الدراسة إتضح حدوث زيادة في الطاقة الممتصة والمترسبة من نواتج عملية تسخين البلازما وذلك بزيادة عرض وقدرة وترردد النبضة الليزرية الساقطة، كما لوحظ أن المعلمات الأساسية مثل درجة الحرارة الإلكترورنية وكمية الطاقة الممتصة والمفقودة على هيئة إشعاع كهرومغنطيسي أنها تصل لأقصي قيمة لها بعد منتصف زمن النبضة الليزرية في حين أن درجة الحرارة الايونية تصل لأقصي قيمة لها بالقرب من نهاية النبضة وقبل الوصول لمرحلة موت اليلازما كما لوحظ أن عملية تحول الطاقة من الإلكترونات إلى الأيونات. كما تشير نتائج الدراسة إلي أن موت إمتصاص برمسترالنج العكسي لا يؤدي انقص كمية الطاقة الممتصة وذلك عند إستخدام نبضة ذات قدرة عاليةبسبب ظهورتستت رامان كواحد من العمليات اللاخطية الهامة التي تسيطر علي مجريات التفاعل بين النبضة الساقطة ومادة الهدف وذلك بسبب زيادة التهيجات الحاثة في كثافة اليلازما وأخيراَ لوحظ عدم حدوث إنحدار حرارى عند سطح البلازما، حيث لميتجاوز الحد الفيضي المقدار 0.1 علية فأن تشتت رامان يجب أن يؤخد في الحسبان عند دراسة الإندماج النووي الليزري ومادة البلازما وذلك عند إستعمال ليزرات ذات طاقة أعلي من .109 watt Abstract In the current work a modification of an algorithm to study the interaction between a high power laser beam and the plasma was undertaken. It was based on a model introduced by Gellert and Handke that was modified by K. K. Mohammed and A. A. Alsghir to take into account the changes due to laser and plasma parameters. The role of Raman scattering including non-linear Landau damping was investigated along with theoretical preliminary investigation of Brillouin scattering. The study shows that there is an increase in the amount of energy being absorbed, lost, and deposited in the plasma. The increase in the laser power, frequency and duration time lead to an increase in such quantities. The electron temperature and energy being absorbed and lost reach their maximum value at the middle of the laser pulse. However, ion temperature reaches that value at the end of the laser pulse and just before the death of the plasma. The transfer of energy from the electrons to the ions takes it's minimum value in the middle of the laser pulse, this results from the increase of the electron temperature. As the laser power increases, inverse Bremsstrahhmg role diminishes, however, the amount of energy being absorbed does not decrease due to the appearanc of Raman scattering as a major contributing process in the laser-plasma interaction. This is due to the fluctuations in the plasma density. Finally, it appears that there are no strong temperature gradients at the plasma surface where the flux limiter does not exceed the value 0.1 Hence Raman scattering should be taken into account in the analysis of the laser fusion experiment esp-ecially when high-power laser pulses are involved.
محمد أحمد خميس الحديدي (1996)