أظهرت الدراسة المظهرية والتشريحية والنسيجية للغدد الجلدية في عينات من جلد القندي Ctenodactylus gundi وجود نوعين من غدد الرائحة، (1) غدد زهمية متحورة ومتضخمة وملتحمة بالشعر الغليظ الخشن الذي يغطي جلد القلفة في الذكور تسمى غدد القلفة، ويبدو أن حجم وعدد وانتشار هذه الغدد في هذا النوع يعكس دورها في طريقة إظهار السلوك الاجتماعي للقندي؛ (2) غدد الرائحة حول الشرجية ثلاثية الفصوص تقع في الجلد الخارجي المحيط بفتحة الشرج، تنتظم هذه الفصوص على هيئة مثلث يحيط بفتحة الشرج، ويختلف حجم الفصوص الغدية تبعاً للتغيرات الفصلية والعمر والنضوج الجنسي للحيوانات. تشريحياً تظهر هذه الغدد كأعضاء جنسية مزدوجة، وتكون أكبر في الذكور من الإناث، وتظهر هذه الغدد منغمرة باللفافة العميقة لأدمة جلد الشرج وتفتح إلى الخارج في البشرة بعدد من القنوات الإخراجية التي تنقل الإفرازات إلى سطح جلد الشرج .نسيجياً اتضح أن هذه الغدد تنتمي إلى الغدد الحوصلية مركبة التفرع كلية الإفراز المحاطة بعدد من الغدد الأنبوبية قمية الإفراز التي تفتح للخارج بفتحات مستقلة .على الرغم من وجود الكثير من البحوث المنشورة حول التركيب النسيجي والكيمونسيجي لغدد القلفة والغدد حول الشرجية لمختلف الثدييات، إلا أن الدراسات السابقة لم تشير إلى وجود مثل هذه الغدد في القندي، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى توثيق الصفات التشريحية والنسيجية لغدد القلفة والغدد حول الشرجية للبالغين من ذكور وإناث القندي كما شوهدت خلال ذروة النشاط الجنسي.
نادية سالم خليفة بريم (2010)

Environmental toxicants such as chemicals, heavy metals, and pesticides have been shown to promote transgenerational inheritance of abnormal phenotypes and/or diseases to multiple subsequent generations following parental and/ or ancestral exposures. This study was designed to examine the potential transgenerational action of the environmental toxicant trichloroethane (TCE) on transmission of liver abnormality, and to elucidate the molecular etiology of hepatocyte cell damage. A total of thirty two healthy immature female albino mice were randomly divided into three equal groups as follows: a sham group, which did not receive any treatment; a vehicle group, which received corn oil alone, and TCE treated group (3 weeks, 100 μg/kg i.p., every 4th day). The F0 and F1 generation control and TCE populations were sacrificed at the age of four months, and various abnormalities histpathologically investigated. Cell death and oxidative stress indices were also measured. The present study provides experimental evidence for the inheritance of environmentally induced liver abnormalities in mice. The results of this study show that exposure to the TCE promoted adult onset liver abnormalities in F0 female mice as well as unexposed F1 generation offspring. It is the first study to report a transgenerational liver abnormalities in the F1 generation mice through maternal line prior to gestation. This finding was based on careful evaluation of liver histopathological abnormalities, apoptosis of hepatocytes, and measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and nitric oxide) in control and TCE populations. There was an increase in liver histopathological abnormalities, cell death, and oxidative lipid damage in F0 and F1 hepatic tissues of TCE treated group. In conclusion, this study showed that the biological and health impacts of environmental toxicant TCE do not end in maternal adults, but are passed on to offspring generations. Hence, linking observed liver abnormality in the offspring to environmental exposure of their parental line. This study also illustrated that oxidative stress and apoptosis appear to be a molecular component of the hepatocyte cell injury.
Mohamed A. Al-Griw , Soad A. Treesh, Rabia O. Alghazeer, Sassia O. Regeai (7-2017)

Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the exposure of lead (Pb) to some workers in Ash-Shoula lead acid battery Factory, Tajoura, Libya on the basis of concentrations of Pb in blood, hair, and nails. This study was done to explain, if accumulation of Pb could affect the concentration of essential liver enzymes, renal excretion, and some of hematological parameters. Study samples were based on, the number of years of work in battery manufactory, six work periods were constituted (< 5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, >25 years). Workers were selected from seven different departments of the battery manufactory. Pb concentration in the collected samples were measured by using atomic absorption Spectroscopy. The statistical analysis were performed using SPSS software, version 20. The parametric tests (one-way ANOVA, t-test, and 2-tailed person Correlations) where P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.Blood lead level was found high ranging from 9.9-60.3 μg/dl with a mean of 25.3 μg/dl and was found to be less in control group, ranging from 2.5-24.6 μg/dl with a mean of 11.8 μg/dl. The values of hair lead level were found to be ranging from 8.2-36.8 μg/g, with a mean of 21.1 μg/g and this was significantly higher than the control group (P
يوسف مسعود العزابي (2015)