Environmental toxicants such as chemicals, heavy metals, and pesticides have been shown to promote transgenerational inheritance of abnormal phenotypes and/or diseases to multiple subsequent generations following parental and/ or ancestral exposures. This study was designed to examine the potential transgenerational action of the environmental toxicant trichloroethane (TCE) on transmission of liver abnormality, and to elucidate the molecular etiology of hepatocyte cell damage. A total of thirty two healthy immature female albino mice were randomly divided into three equal groups as follows: a sham group, which did not receive any treatment; a vehicle group, which received corn oil alone, and TCE treated group (3 weeks, 100 μg/kg i.p., every 4th day). The F0 and F1 generation control and TCE populations were sacrificed at the age of four months, and various abnormalities histpathologically investigated. Cell death and oxidative stress indices were also measured. The present study provides experimental evidence for the inheritance of environmentally induced liver abnormalities in mice. The results of this study show that exposure to the TCE promoted adult onset liver abnormalities in F0 female mice as well as unexposed F1 generation offspring. It is the first study to report a transgenerational liver abnormalities in the F1 generation mice through maternal line prior to gestation. This finding was based on careful evaluation of liver histopathological abnormalities, apoptosis of hepatocytes, and measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and nitric oxide) in control and TCE populations. There was an increase in liver histopathological abnormalities, cell death, and oxidative lipid damage in F0 and F1 hepatic tissues of TCE treated group. In conclusion, this study showed that the biological and health impacts of environmental toxicant TCE do not end in maternal adults, but are passed on to offspring generations. Hence, linking observed liver abnormality in the offspring to environmental exposure of their parental line. This study also illustrated that oxidative stress and apoptosis appear to be a molecular component of the hepatocyte cell injury.
Mohamed A. Al-Griw , Soad A. Treesh, Rabia O. Alghazeer, Sassia O. Regeai (7-2017)

أظهرت الدراسة المظهرية والتشريحية والنسيجية للغدد الجلدية في عينات من جلد القندي Ctenodactylus gundi وجود نوعين من غدد الرائحة، (1) غدد زهمية متحورة ومتضخمة وملتحمة بالشعر الغليظ الخشن الذي يغطي جلد القلفة في الذكور تسمى غدد القلفة، ويبدو أن حجم وعدد وانتشار هذه الغدد في هذا النوع يعكس دورها في طريقة إظهار السلوك الاجتماعي للقندي؛ (2) غدد الرائحة حول الشرجية ثلاثية الفصوص تقع في الجلد الخارجي المحيط بفتحة الشرج، تنتظم هذه الفصوص على هيئة مثلث يحيط بفتحة الشرج، ويختلف حجم الفصوص الغدية تبعاً للتغيرات الفصلية والعمر والنضوج الجنسي للحيوانات. تشريحياً تظهر هذه الغدد كأعضاء جنسية مزدوجة، وتكون أكبر في الذكور من الإناث، وتظهر هذه الغدد منغمرة باللفافة العميقة لأدمة جلد الشرج وتفتح إلى الخارج في البشرة بعدد من القنوات الإخراجية التي تنقل الإفرازات إلى سطح جلد الشرج .نسيجياً اتضح أن هذه الغدد تنتمي إلى الغدد الحوصلية مركبة التفرع كلية الإفراز المحاطة بعدد من الغدد الأنبوبية قمية الإفراز التي تفتح للخارج بفتحات مستقلة .على الرغم من وجود الكثير من البحوث المنشورة حول التركيب النسيجي والكيمونسيجي لغدد القلفة والغدد حول الشرجية لمختلف الثدييات، إلا أن الدراسات السابقة لم تشير إلى وجود مثل هذه الغدد في القندي، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى توثيق الصفات التشريحية والنسيجية لغدد القلفة والغدد حول الشرجية للبالغين من ذكور وإناث القندي كما شوهدت خلال ذروة النشاط الجنسي.
نادية سالم خليفة بريم (2010)

Efficient extraction of genomic DNA (gDNA) from biological materials found in harsh environments is the first step for successful forensic DNA profiling. This study aimed to evaluate two methods for DNA recovery from animal tissues (livers, muscles), focusing on the best storage temperature for DNA yield in term of quality, quantity, and integrity for use in several downstream molecular techniques. Six male Swiss albino mice were sacrificed, liver and muscle tissues (n=32) were then harvested and stored for one week in different temperatures, -20C, 4C, 25C and 40C. The conditioned animal tissues were used for DNA extraction by Chelex-100 method or NucleoSpin Blood and Tissue kit. The extracted gDNA was visualized on 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the quality of gDNA and analysed spectrophotometrically to determine the DNA concentration and the purity. Both methods, Chelex-100 and NucleoSpin Blood and Tissue kit found to be appropriate for yielding high quantity of gDNA, with the Chelex100 method yielding a greater quantity (P < 0.045) than the kit. At -20C, 4C, and 25C temperatures, the concentration of DNA yield was numerically lower than at 40C. The NucleoSpin Blood and Tissue kit produced a higher (P=0.031) purity product than the Chelex-100 method, particularly for muscle tissues. The Chelex-100 method is cheap, fast, effective, and is a crucial tool for yielding DNA from animal tissues (livers, muscles) exposed to harsh environment with little limitations.
Huda H. Al-Griw, Zena A. Zraba, Salsabiel K. Al-Muntaser, Marwan M. Draid, Aisha M. Zaidi, Refaat M. Tabagh , Mohamed A. Al-Griw(8-2017)