Digital Repository for Department of Microbiology & Parasitology

Abstract

: In Libyan state, the history of backyard poultry rearing goes back to several lapsing decades in which the human life style was still in its simpler forms. The uncontrolled rearing of backyard poultry has resulted in catastrophic spread of viral diseases in many countries throughout the world. In this study a new questioner by Mobil software “EpiCollect plus” was used for the first time in Libya. It is an easy program to use and can store information about all farms and samples in the phone during sample collections at field “without internet connection”, then send to the computer via the network. The surveillance of backyard poultry for both avian influenza type a virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has covered four main geographical regions throughout the greater city of Tripoli. The surveillance was fulfilled through testing the cloacal and tracheal swabs for the presence of viral antigens using the direct ELISA for AIV and RT-PCR techniques for NDV. A total number of 500 samples from non-vaccinated backyard poultry flocks were collected from different geographical locations within the area of Tripoli (Qasr Ben Ghashier, Alsawani, Souq Al-Gomaa, Tajourah, and Einzara). Samples were collected mainly from local breed chicken (244) and native ducks (6). Results have indicated that incidences of infection with AIV in backyard poultry populations during the summer season 2013 were 0%. During early winter 2013, the AIV has been detected in 11 out of 90 samples with an incidence of 12.2%. Among the 11 positive samples: 3 samples were from Souq Al-Gomaa, 4 from Tajourah, 1 from Qasr Ben Ghashier and 3 from Al-sawany. In contrast to AIV during summer 2013, NDV were detected from the backyard chickens, 104 out of 154 backyard poultry were found positive for the virus (67.5 %). Positive samples were distributed over various regions into: 14 from Tajourah, 60 from Qasr Ben Ghashier and 30 from Al-sawany. In the early winter 2013, 21 out of 90 samples were positive for NDV (23.3%). Among the 21 positive samples: 3 were from Tajourah, 13 were from Qasr Ben Ghashier and 5 from Al-sawany. It is obvious that the southern region is the most affected regions within the greater Tripoli. In the Greater Tripoli, many local districts are well known for their dense distribution of commercial poultry farms as well as backyard poultry rearing. Most of poultry farms in Tripoli are found in Tajourah, Qasr Ben-Ghashier, and Al-sawany. Thus, it is expected to face the problems of avian diseases with special concerns to viral diseases such as AI and ND among both commercial and backyard populations in such districts.
هشام عبدالجليل الصيد (2015)

Abstract

: This study was carried out to detect different coliforms members with special reference to the occurrence of the pathogenic Escherichia coli existing in raw cow`s milk and some dairy products. 105 samples (35 raw milk, 35 fermented milk, and 35 ricotta cheeses) were randomly collected from different markets in Tripoli-city /Libya. In this study, two methods for coliform counting were used. The first one was the most probable number technique MPN using liquid Lauryl Sulphate Tryptone broth (LST) with a three-tube series and the second method was the plate count method using violet red bile lactose agar VRBA. Also different techniques were used to find comparative results by using the BD phoenix system, the VITEK® 2 Compact system and KB003Hi25™ Enterobacteriaceae Identification Kit methods for coliform counts in raw milk, fermented milk and ricotta chesses. The coliform bacteria were positive in all 35 (100%) samples of both raw milk and fermented milk, while 33 (94.3%) samples out of 35of ricotta cheese by using MPN-technique. Whereas, Coliform bacteria were positive in 25 (71.4%) samples of raw milk, 34 (97.1%) samples of fermented milk and in 22 (62.9%) samples of ricotta cheese by using VRBA-technique. However, the fecal Coliform bacteria were recorded in 30 (85.7%) samples of raw milk, 32 (91.4%) samples of fermented milk and in 24 (68.6%) samples of ricotta by the used MPN-technique. Whereas, fecal Coliform bacteria were detected in 11 (31.4%) samples of raw milk, 19 (54.3%) samples of fermented milk and in only 9 (25.7%) samples of ricotta cheese by the VRBA-technique. Moreover, the most commonly identified important pathogenic bacteria Gram-negative isolated the highest overall incidence rate was for Escherichia coli 117(58.5%) and Klebsiella pneumonia spp pneumonia 47(23.5%) out of 200 randomly selected from 900 isolates. These findings results revealed that a high number of bacteria, which provide an evidence for the lack of milk hygiene either during milking or transporting and storages Statistical analyses revealed significant T-test at level P
خديجة مختار التواتي (2015)

يحتوي جنس بكتريا الضمة على عدة أنواع من السلالات الغذائية الممرضة والتي تسبب عدة أعراض سريرية مختلفة منها التسمم الدموي او انتان دموي septicemia والكوليراcholera والتهابات بسيطة للمعدة والأمعاء gastroenteritis. والعديد من سلالة الضمات مرتبط انتقالها بالغذاء مثال: ضمة كوليرا او الضمة الهيضيةVibrio cholerae ضمة باراهيمولاتكس Vibrio parahemolyticus, وضمة فالنفيكيس Vibrio vulnificus المسببة لإسهال بسيط مقارنة بالتي تحدثه الكوليرا. إجمالي عدد93 عينة من مأكولات بحرية واللحوم الحيوانية ومنتجاتها. والتي تشمل عدد 46 عينة من مأكولات بحرية (21 جمبريshrimps و 5 بلبوشclam و 8 سردينsardine و1 شولا amberjack و1 كلب بحرshark و 2 فروج dusky grouper و 2 صبارصannular sea bream و1 ابرة البحرsea needle و1 دندنشي commen dentex و4 كواليmackerel ) وعدد 34 عينة لحوم خام (9 لحم إبل، 10 لحم بقر، 6 لحم ضأن و 9 لحم دجاج). واشتملت الدراسة ايضا على عدد 13 عينة من المنتجات الحيوانية (2 نقانق لحم بقر، 5 شرائح برجر لحم بقر، 5 شرائح برجر لحم دجاج و عينة واحدة كباب)، تم جمعها من مناطق جغرافية مختلفة بليبيا وهي ( طرابلس، رقدا لين، جنزور، وطبرق شملتها هذه الدراسة). كل العينات المذكورة تعرضت للتحليل الميكروبي لتحديد العدد البكتيري الوسطيmean bacterial count لمستعمرات الضمات بأجراء عزل سلالة الضمات بالزرع التقليدي conventional culturalوكذلك إجراء اختبار البلمرة والتسلسل الجينيPCR and sequencing of 16SrDNA للعينات الموجبة. أظهرت النتائج أن عدد 48 عينة من أصل 93 عينة بنسبة (51.6%) والتي تم زرعتها علي وسط TCBS) thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar) اظهرت مستعمرات بكتيرية يعتقد انها لسلالة الضمات. كذلك أن 27 عينة من أصل 46 عينه من مأكولات بحرية بنسبة (58.7%), أظهرت مستعمرات بكتيرية يعتقد انها لسلالة الضمات علي وسط TCBS. بينما قد وجد 21 عينة فقط من اصل 47عينة بنسبة ((44.6%من اللحوم ومنتجاتها اظهرت مستعمرات بكتيرية يعتقد انها لسلالة الضمات علي وسط .TCBS من خلال زرع عينات مأكولات بحرية, وجد أعلى نسبة من العدد البكتيري الوسطيmean bacterial count كانت في البلبوشclam بنسبة 3.8x 104 CFU/g)) وقيمة انحراف معياري standard deviation value كان (2.3x104 CFU/g). ومن جهة اخري عينات برجر لحم دجاج اظهرت اعلي نسبة من العدد البكتيري الوسطي كانت (6.5x104 CFU/g) وقيمة انحراف معياري standard deviation valueكان (1.7x104 CFU/g). هذا وأظهرت البلمرة والتسلسل الجيني ان 11عينة من أصل 48 بنسبة (22.9%) كانت من سلالة الضمات المختلفة، كما تم عزل ضمة باراهيمولاتيكس Vibrio parahemolyticus من لحم الإبل ويعد هذا أول مرة تعزل في ليبيا. من جهة اخري وجد ان 28 عينة والتي (يعتقد انها من سلالة الضمات) من اصل 48 بنسبة (58.33%) التي تم فحصها باختبار البلمرة والتسلسل الجيني اظهرت عديد من الميكروبات المختلفة. مع العلم ان هناك 9 عينات والتي( يعتقد انها من سلالة الضمات) من اصل 48 بنسبة (18.75%) كانتoverlapped peaks قمة التداخل وغير مفضلة في اختبار البلمرة والتسلسل الجيني. بالإضافة فقد وجد ان اكثر البكتيري شيوعا بالفحص هي : Proteus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp. هذه النتائج ربما ترجع الي العديد من العوامل مثل التلوث البيئي اثناء اعدادها وتخزينها ونقلها وبيعها. و باختصار تعتبر هذه الدراسة خطوة مستقبلية أولية في ليبيا للاتجاه بخطى حثيثة باستخدام اختبار البلمرة والتسلسل الجيني في مأكولات بحرية واللحوم ومنتجاتها.
عماد الدين الهادي الفلاني (2015)

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are both of medical and public health importance associated with serious multidrug-resistant infections and persistent colonization. Enterococci are opportunistic environmental inhabitants with a remarkable adaptive capacity to evolve and transmit antimicrobial-resistant determinants. The VRE gene operons show distinct genetic variability and apparently continued evolution leading to a variety of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and various environmental and livestock reservoirs for the most common van genes. Such complex diversity renders a number of important therapeutic options including "last resort antibiotics" ineffective and poses a particular challenge for clinical management. Enterococci resistance to glycopeptides and multidrug resistance warrants attention and continuous monitoring.
Mohamed O. Ahmed , Keith E Baptiste (6-2017)

The emergence of acquired carbapenemases is a serious threat to public health worldwide, forcing the use of last-resort antibiotics such as polymyxins. Use of such molecules had recently led to the emergence of colistin-resistant carbapenemase-producing isolates, leaving only a few therapeutic options for the near future. Here we report the identification of colistin-resistant isolates among a collection carbapenemase-producing Enter- obacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.
Nicolas Kieffer , Ahmed MO et al.(6-2018)

In this study, antibacterial, antioxidant and phenolic compounds of raisin extracts was evaluated. Different solvent extraction methods were utilized to extract phenolic compounds from raisin. The phenolic compounds of raisin extracts was determined using HPLC and three compounds were found, catechin, quercetin and rutin. The antibacterial activity of the acetonic extract was tested against four bacterial pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli using both disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. The acetonic extract exhibited the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus with zone of inhibition of 14mm and the MIC of 25 mg/ml. However, there was a little activity against E. coli and S. typhimurium. The methanolic extract showed good antioxidant activity as indicated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay (DPPH). In conclusion, raisin contains potent phenolic compounds and their application might function as promising natural preservative and antimicrobial agents in food industry and also good antioxidant food that helps to minimize the risk of degenerative diseases. arabic
Yousef M Abouzeed, Ahmed MO Et Al. (12-2018)

Understanding the publication output of a country’s biomedical research can provide information for strengthening its policies, economy, and educational systems. Yet, this is the first bibliometric study to date to analyze and provide an in-depth discussion of the biomedical research productivity from Libyan academic institutions. The biomedical research productivity of higher education institutes and affiliated hospitals from Libya, with a focus on the higher education sector, was analyzed and discussed for the period of 2003–13 using the PubMed database. A questionnaire online survey was also developed to obtain opinions of Libyan scientists on productivity status and quality of research output. A total of 345 peer-reviewed articles were included in the analysis and were authored by researchers in the cities of Benghazi (32%), Tripoli (29%), Al-Zawiya (9%), Al-Bayda (8%), Sabha (3%), Misrata (3%), and Al-Khoms (1%). The papers included co-authors and/or corresponding authors from over 40 other countries were published in 179 journals covering a broad range of biomedical topics. Questionnaire (44% response rate) indicated research is largely self-funded. Information along with accurate, comprehensive, and transparent metrics can be applied to aid governmental and nongovernmental institutions to develop stable infrastructures for academic communities to achieve effective research performance and innovation.
Mohamed O. Ahmed, Et Al.(10-2017)

A relatively low scientific research output is not unique to Libya and unfortunately persists as compared to more economically developed countries.[1],[2] Recent data have revealed the very low-productivity rate of research from Libya, compared to other Arab and North African nations.[1],[3],[4] In 2003, Libya's hierarchal ranking among 20 Arabic countries was 12th for annual publication rate, 10th for publication rate according to population, and 15th for publication rate according to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).[5] As Libya undergoes geopolitical and socioeconomic upheavals, there is certainly a unique opportunity for improving all aspects of its educational and economic infrastructures. The post-2011 era and the current civil upheaval have, however, resulted in disrupted infrastructure, social incoherence, and a fragmented society, affecting every aspect of daily life of its citizens. Libya's research output was investigated by analyzing the collective peer-reviewed publications of biomedical research from Libya, with a focus on institutions of higher education and the medical sector revealing important knowledge and novel scientometric data.[1]
Mohamed O. Ahmed, Et Al.(5-2019)