Digital Repository for Department of Physiology, Biochemistry &Nutrition

Abstract

: The objective of this study was to determine the Serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and phosphorus were determined in one-humped camels (Camelus Dromedarius) of different age, sex and maternal status of female camels. Eighty-seven of apparently healthy one-humped camels aged from less than two years old to fifteen years old were used in this study. Animals were categorized into three age groups [< 2years (23), 2-5 years (14) and > 5 years (50)], two sex groups [males (37) and females (50)] and three maternal status groups [non-pregnant (13), pregnant (12), lactating (12)]. The total levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and phosphate were 148.1, 6.4, 112.3, 9.4, 2.2 and 7.2, respectively. The age of camel was found to be significantly effect the level of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. While, the sex of camel had a significant effect on phosphorus. Meanwhile, the maternal status of female did not affect the blood electrolytes. It conclude that, the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentration change with advance age. While, sex of animal had only a significant effect on phosphorus.
أنس عبدالله احمد سلامه (2016)

تهدف هذه الدراسة للتحقق من تأثير إضافة خميرة الخبز والمضاد الحيوي (اكسي تتراسيكلين) في الأعلاف الملوثة بسم الافلاتوكسين بمعدل 450 ميكروجرام / كجم وذلك على كفاءة أداء الطير معدل هضم العناصر الغذائية كالبروتين ، الدهن ، الألياف والمستخلص الخالي من النيتروجين كذلك شملت الدراسة مدى التأثير على ظهور الأعراض الجانبية للافلاتوكسين من ذلك حجم الكبد، القلب، القلنسوة ، جزء مقطعي من الأمعاء الرفيعة وكذلك حجم كرات الدم المرصوصة ( PCV ) والكيس الزلالي (Borsa). استعملت في هذه الدراسة 400 كتكوت عمر يوم وذلك في تجربتين الأولى 100 كتكوت والثانية 300 كتكوت . قسمت الكتاكيت في كل تجربة إلى خمسة مجموعات (الأولى 5 معاملات في 3 مكررات في 10 كتاكيت) والثانية (5 معاملات في 3 مكررات في 20 كتكوت). الخمسة معاملات عبارة عن معاملة تحكيم هذه المجموعة أعطيت علف تسمين لحم (22% بروتين) أما الأربع المعاملات الأخرى أعطيت الكتاكيت علف تسمين لحم + افلاتوكسين 450 ميكروجرام/كجم ، المجموعة الثانية – علف تسمين لحم + افلاتوكسين + خميرة خبز3 جرام/كجم المجموعة الثالثة- علف تسمين لحم + اكسي تتراسيكلين 100 جرام لكل 1طن من العلف مجموعة رابعة – علف تسمين لحم + خميرة خبز + اكسي تتراسيكلين مجموعة خامسة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود تضخم في وجود أحجام الكبد نتيجة للتلوث الافلاتوكسينى سواء في المجموعة الثانية والمجموعة الرابعة. انخفضت نسبة حجم كرات الدم المرصوصة PCV وحجم الكيس الزلالي Bursa في وجود الافلاتوكسين بينما ارتفع وتحسن في وجود الخميرة والمضاد الحيوي. انخفض معدل هضم البروتين ، الدهن ، الألياف والمستخلص الخالي من النيتروجين بينما تحسن تحسناً ملحوظاً في وجود المعاملة بالخميرة والتتراسكلين مع بعض. على الرغم من عدم ظهور اختلافات معنوية في أوزان الطيور ولا الاستهلاك الغذائي نتيجة المعاملات إلا أن النتائج أوضحت أن أوزان الطيور انخفضت نتيجة الافلاتوكسين وتحسنت مع المجموعات المعاملة بالخميرة والتتراسيكلين وقد انعكس ذلك على الكفاءة التحويلية الغذائية للطير أيضاً. نتائج الدراسة تؤكد أنه بالإمكان السيطرة والتحكم والتقليل من الأثار المختلفة الناجمة عند تلوث الأعلاف بسم الافلاتوكسين وذلك إذا استعنا بإضافة خميرة الخبز بنسبة 3%.

Abstract

: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding baker yeast (BY), oxytetratracycline (OTC) and both BY + OTC to a control diet containing 450 ug/g of aflatoxin B (C + AF) on performance, digestibility of feed nutrients (protein, fat, fiber and nitrogen free extract), the weights of internal organs (Liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, bursa and small intestine) and on the Packed cell volum to record the alterations of broilers. A total 400 chicks were used in two experiments 100 chicks in the first experiment (5 treatmens X 10 birds X 2 replicates) and 300 in the second one ( 5 treatments X 20 birds X 3 replicates). Chicks were divided into five groups control and four treatments in individual cages and each containing assigned birds. BY, a rich source of protein and vitamin B complex, was mixed into the diets at 3.0 %, as well OTC was mixed into the diet at 100g per 1 ton of feed. Feed consumption, body weight and feed efficiency were recorded weekly. The weight of body organs (liver, heat, spleen, gizzard, bursa and small intestine) were determined at the end of the study. Dead animals were recorded daily. Liver changes were clearly apparent in the C+AF and C+ AF+OTC most of the livers were enlarged. The Packed cell volume (PCV) was decreased in C+AF an increase was observed when BY and OTC was added in the feed. The digestibility of protein, fat, fiber and nitrogen free extract were determined. The digestibility in general was lowered in the C+AF. An improvement in the digestibility was gained in C+ AF+BY, C+ AF+OTC and combination of BY+OTC When compared to the (C+AF) group the weight of bursa, appear to be significantly decreased in the C+AF while the weight was invreased in C+BY+ AF and C+BY+OTC groups. Feed consumption and body weight were not significantly different although it was reduced in group AF. Birds receiving BY + AF, OTC + AF and BY + OTC + AF had a significantly higher body weight than group C+AF. Feed efficiency was better in group C+AF+BY and C+AF+OTC than the others. The findings of this research suggest that BY (3%) can partly counteract some of the toxic effects of AF.
هندة مختار محمد أبوالقاسم (2008)

يعرف المكافئ الحيوي على انه يعمل بعكس المضاد الحيوي الذي يقوم بتحطيم الحياة فان المكافئ الحيوي يقوم ببنائها. وتكمن وظيفة المكافئ الحيوي في السماح لنمو الأحياء الدقيقة النافعة على حساب الضارة منها في داخل الجهاز الهضمي بكميات محدودة. ولأن استخدام المضادات الحيوية كمضاف علفي أصبح محظورا في الاتحاد الأوروبي في 112006. وبالتالي أصبح من الضروري التفكير في مضافات علفية أخرى تكون أكثر أمنا في الاستعمال من المضادات الحيوية مثل المكافئ الحيوي و الأحماض العضوية و الزيوت الأساسية. و استخدم المكافئى الحيوى التايوسرين في مجال هذا البحث وهو مستخرج من التربة بغرض التحسين في الاستهلاك الغذائي والكفاءة الغذائية ومعدلات النمو. والمادة الأساسية في التايوسرين هي عبارة عن ابواغ من البكتريا باسيلوس تعمل على زيادة معدلات الهضم، وتعتبر مادة التايوسرين صديقة للبيئة حيث أنها لا تشكل خطورة عليها. أجريت هذه التجربة على (315) كتكوت لحم عمر يوم بمحطة أبحاث الدواجن بكلية الزراعة / جامعة الفاتح حيث قسمت إلى 7 معاملات بكل منها (3) مكرارات وكل مكرر يحتوى على عدد (15) كتكوت. المجموعة الأولى (أ) وهى مجموعة التحكم أعطيت علف دجاج لحم (22% بروتين) أما الست المجاميع الباقية (ب, ج, د, ه, و, ى) أعطيت علف دجاج اللحم مضاف إليه المكافئ الحيوي (probiotic) بكميات مختلفة (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 جرام/طن). واستمرت التجربة لمدة (42) يوما, وفى كل أسبوع يتم وزن الطيور والزرق, أما معدل الاستهلاك الغدائي يؤخذ يومياً وفى نهاية التجربة تم أخذ ثلاث من الطيور من كل مكرر لذبحها وأخذ العينات المطلوبة منها. وقد أظهرت النتائج تحسن في معدلات الزيادة اليومية في الوزن بالنسبة للمجاميع المضاف اليها المكافىء الحيوى (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200) جرام/طن، 40.00، 40.11، 40.28، 40.50، 40.63، 40.8 على التوالى مقارنة بمجموعة التحكم التى كان وزنها 39.84. بينما كان التحسن معنويا (P
فدوي فتحي بن طاهر (2008)

Formaldehyde is an anxious gas used as a tissue preservative of cadavers in anatomy halls. Therefore, laboratory staff and students are at high risk of different clinical complications due to the continuous exposure to formaldehyde. The present questionnaire-based study evaluates the effects of formaldehyde exposure on veterinary students and staff in the anatomy gross dissection laboratory, University of Tripoli, Libya. A total of 104 students and 6 anatomy staff members completed a questionnaire of 24 questions related to the clinical symptoms observed after formaldehyde exposure and the answers were assessed using a six point (0-5) scale. Students had a high prevalence of nasal itching 78(75%), eyes burning 78(75%), excessive lacrimation 76(73%), eyes redness 60(58%), headache 64(62%) and respiratory distress 61(59%). Smoking and wearing glasses or gloves worsened many symptoms while wearing masks minimized other symptoms and male students were more affected than females. All anatomy staff members (100%) reported nasal itching, burning and congestion, eyes burning and redness, excessive lacrimation, cough and respiratory distress and less than that (83%) suffered from mouth dryness, headache, temporary loss of their ability to recognize the smell of formaldehyde and needed a physician assistance after the exposure to formaldehyde. The repeated exposure to formaldehyde in gross anatomy dissection has harmful effects on both students and staff member and finding alternative preservation methods, such as freezing, would be safer than using the formaldehyde. arabic 12 English 74
Fahima A Alnagar, Mansur Ennuri Moftah Shmela, , Abdulrhman Mohamed Salah Alrtib, , Fathia mahmoud Mohammad Ashour, Amal Omar Elarif Buker, Anwar Mustafa Abdalhadi Abdalmula(10-2015)

As little is known about the blood profile of camels in Libya, this article is the first of a 4-part series describing the biochemical and haematological blood profile in Libyan camels. Part 1 of these manuscripts determines the values of enzymes, metabolites, electrolytes and haematological indices in the blood of Libyan camels, parts 2-4 evaluates the effects of breed, gender and age respectively on these values. In this study, blood samples were collected from sixty six camels of three different breeds, different ages and with both sex. The blood of the studied camels showed (i) average values of Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (Ph), Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and White Blood Cell (WBC) counts (ii) low values of Sodium (Na), Iron (Fe), total proteins, albumin, globulin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), and low serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and amylase (AMS) enzymes and (iii) high values of glucose, urea, Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). The finding of this study was documented and compared with the findings of similar studies performed elsewhere. arabic 25 English 134
Anwar Mustafa Abdalhadi Abdalmula, Amal Omar Elarif Buker, Fathia mahmoud Mohammad Ashour, Mansur Ennuri Moftah Shmela, , Ismail M Abograra, , Fahima A Alnagar(8-2018)

Abstract As little is known about the blood profile of camels in libya, this article is the second of a 4-part series describing the biochemical and haematological blood profile in Libyan camels. In Part 1 of these manuscripts, the overall blood biochemical and haematological mean values of camels in Libya were determined, parts 2-4 evaluates the effects of breed, gender and age respectively on these values. Blood samples were collected from three camel breeds, namely, Fakhreya, Sirtaweya and Mahari, and the levels of enzymes, metabolites, electrolytes and haematological indices were measured. The blood of the Sirtaweya breed showed (i) higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin and Phosphorus (Ph), than the other two breeds, (ii) higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase (AMS) and total proteins than the Fakhreya breed and (iii) higher levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Calcium (Ca), Packed Cell volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio than the Mahari breed. The Fakhreya breed had (i) higher levels of urea, Iron (Fe), Haemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and neutrophils number than the other two breeds, (ii) higher levels of glucose, A/G, LDL, Ca, PCV, MCV and monocytes number than the Mahari breed and (iii) higher levels of erythrocyte osmotic fragility, MCH and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) than the Sirtaweya breed. The Mahari breed had (i) higher levels of globulin than the other two breeds, (ii) higher levels of AMS than the Fakhreya breed and (iii) higher levels of erythrocyte osmotic fragility, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), MCHC than the Sirtaweya breed. The tested blood parameters in the three Libyan breeds in this study were affected by breed variations. arabic 28 English 143
Anwar Mustafa Abdalhadi Abdalmula, F. A. Alnagar, Amal Omar Elarif Buker, Fathia mahmoud Mohammad Ashour, I. M. Abograra , Mansur Ennuri Moftah Shmela(10-2018)

As little is known about the blood profile of camels in Libya, this article is the third of a 4-part series describing the biochemical and haematological blood profile in Libyan camels. In part 1 of these manuscripts, the overall blood biochemical and haematological mean values of camels in Libya were determined, parts 2-4 evaluate the effects of breed, gender and age respectively on these values. Blood samples were collected from 24 male and 42 female apparently healthy camels and the levels of enzymes, metabolites, electrolytes and haematological indices were measured. The blood of the male camels showed higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Amylase (AMS), total proteins, globulin and Phosphorus (Ph), than the female camels which showed higher values of glucose, Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio, urea, Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), Packed Cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte osmotic fragility, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), neutrophil and monocyte numbers. This study shows significant sex differences between male and female Libyan camels in many haematological and biochemical analytes. arabic 28 English 141
Anwar Mustafa Abdalhadi Abdalmula, Fathia mahmoud Mohammad Ashour, Mansur Ennuri Moftah Shmela, Fahima A Alnagar, Ismail M Abograra, Amal Omar Elarif Buker(1-2019)

Efficient extraction of genomic DNA (gDNA) from biological materials found in harsh environments is the first step for successful forensic DNA profiling. This study aimed to evaluate two methods for DNA recovery from animal tissues (livers, muscles), focusing on the best storage temperature for DNA yield in term of quality, quantity, and integrity for use in several downstream molecular techniques. Six male Swiss albino mice were sacrificed, liver and muscle tissues (n=32) were then harvested and stored for one week in different temperatures, -20C, 4C, 25C and 40C. The conditioned animal tissues were used for DNA extraction by Chelex-100 method or NucleoSpin Blood and Tissue kit. The extracted gDNA was visualized on 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the quality of gDNA and analysed spectrophotometrically to determine the DNA concentration and the purity. Both methods, Chelex-100 and NucleoSpin Blood and Tissue kit found to be appropriate for yielding high quantity of gDNA, with the Chelex100 method yielding a greater quantity (P < 0.045) than the kit. At -20C, 4C, and 25C temperatures, the concentration of DNA yield was numerically lower than at 40C. The NucleoSpin Blood and Tissue kit produced a higher (P=0.031) purity product than the Chelex-100 method, particularly for muscle tissues. The Chelex-100 method is cheap, fast, effective, and is a crucial tool for yielding DNA from animal tissues (livers, muscles) exposed to harsh environment with little limitations.
Huda H. Al-Griw, Zena A. Zraba, Salsabiel K. Al-Muntaser, Marwan M. Draid, Aisha M. Zaidi, Refaat M. Tabagh , Mohamed A. Al-Griw(8-2017)