The purpose of the current study was to investigate the immunological impacts of chronic imidacloprid insecticide toxicity in broiler chickens and the protective effects of vitamin E and selenium. Broiler chicks (n=90) aged day old were randomly segregated into three groups of 30 chicks each and were kept in separate pens. Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine was given on day 7 and 28 of age. On day 8, chicks in group I were administered 5 mg/kg bw (1/20 LD50) imidacloprid orally. Chicks in group II were given imidacloprid 5 mg/kg bw orally plus a mixture of vitamin E and selenium ≅ 200 mg/kg diet, while group III was given distilled water (DW) orally and served as a control. The treatments were given daily based on weekly body weight till day 45. Antibody titration, serum total immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, cell-mediated immunity and histopathology of bursa of Fabricius and spleen were examined. Imidacloprid produced significant decline in the titer of antibodies against ND vaccine, total immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in imidacloprid treated group on day 45 as compared to control group. There were no significant changes in the skin thickness between treated chickens and chickens of control group. Histopathology of the bursa of Fabricius revealed edema, lymphocytic depletion in the medulla and cortex and mild interfollicular fibrosis in imidacloprid treated group. The spleen showed mild haemorrhages and lymphocytic depletion. Supplementation of vitamin E and selenium resulted in marked improvements in humoral immunity and pathology of lymphoid organs. It is concluded that imidacloprid insecticide has immunological deleterious effects in chickens targeting the humoral immune responses and vitamin E and selenium supplementation decreased the ill effects of imidacloprid.
ِAbdulwahab Kammon(1-2022)

We conducted a cross-sectional study during 2013 to quantify the serological prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) infection and to investigate host factors associated with PPR infection in small ruminants in Libya. A two-stage sampling design was carried out. A total number of 148 flocks owning at least 100 heads each were randomly selected. Sixteen to forty-eight samples were collected from each selected flock. A total number of 3,508 serum samples from unvaccinated animals were collected and analysed at IZSLER Brescia, Italy, by using competitive ELISA, IDvet innovative diagnostics (IDvet 310, France). The overall serological prevalence among SR was 33% (95% CI: 31.4–34.5). Significant differences between the prevalence in the geographical branches were observed. The lowest prevalence level was observed in Zawiyah branch (16.1%), whereas the highest value was obtained for the Sabha branch (56.8%). Considering the age, a serological prevalence of 24.7%, 31.5% and 42.1% was observed in SR
Abdulwahab Kammon, A. Dayhum, M. Sharif, I. Eldaghayes, P. Calistri, M. L. Danzetta, D. Di Sabatino , A. Petrini, G. Ferrari, S. Grazioli, G. Pezzoni, E. Brocchi(3-2017)

الإلقاء المستمر لمياه الصرف الصحى في المنطقة الساحلية للبحر المتوسط بمدينة طرابلس و التى تمتد من تاجوراء الى جنزور قد ادى الى حوث تأثيرات سلبية مستمرة على كل من الأحياء المائية و المستهلك بصورة اصبحت ظاهر في تلك المنطقة الساحلية. لقد عرف التلوث الكيميائي المرتبط بتركيبة الصرف الصحى بتأثيره الشديد على جهاز المناعة في الاسماك مما يؤدى الى زيادة في قباليتها للإصابة بالبكتيريا المرضية. في الدراسة الحالية تم عزل أربعة عترات من الميكروب السبحى "ستربتوكوكس" من أسماك المرجان العادى التى تم تجميعها من المنطقة الساحلية لشاطئ طرابلس في المنطقة الممتدة من تاجوراء الى جنزور. توضح النتائج ان ميكروب ستربتوكوكس ايناى (Streptococcus iniae) كان الأكثر شيوعا فى فصلى الصيف و الربيع يليهم على الترتيب ميكروب ستربتوكوكس ديسجلاكتيا (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) أما ميكروب ستربتوكوس فوكى (Streptococcus phocae) فقد كان الأكثر شيوعا في موسم الشتاء. Abstract: The continuous dumping of municipal sewage into the coastal zone of the Mediterranean Sea has been reported to have greater negative impacts on both aquatic animals as well as human consumer. The chemical pollutants in the sewage composites would have deleterious damaging effects on the fish immune system with consequent vulnerability to bacterial invasions. In the current study, four Streptococcal bacterial species were successfully isolated from the Common Pandora fish (Pagellus erythrinus) collected from the coastal zone of Tripoli through the area from Tajourah to Janzour localities. Strept iniae was the most prevalent Streptococci in examined fish during summer and spring seasons followed by Strept dysgalactiae then Enterococus fecalis. Streptococcus phocae was the most prevalently isolated Streptococci from examined fish during the winter season, while Enterococcus fecalis was recorded to be the second on the list.
طارق دخيل حسن (2015)