Chicks (1-d-old, three groups, each containing 50 chicks) were inoculated with 2×102 and 2×108 CFU ofSalmonella enteritidis; the third group were kept as uninoculated control. Five birds from each group were euthanized at intervals from 6 h to 4 weeks post-inoculation (pi). In the lowdose groupS. enteritidis was isolated from 60% cecal samples at 18 h pi. and from 20% of livers at 3 d pi. Individual variation in the frequency ofS. enteritidis recovery was observed in this group. The clearance of salmonella from the organs was faster in the low-dose group, and salmonella was not isolated from the liver and cecum at 21 and at 27 d, pi, respectively. However, in the high-dose group,S. enteritidis was isolated from all ceca and 80% of liver 6 h pi, and salmonella was detected in the cecum and liver throughout the experiment. Serous typhlitis and unabsorbed yolk sac were the most prevalent lesions in both groups. Granulomatous nodules in the cecum were found occasionally in some cases in both inoculated groups, which can play a role as reservoirs in carrier chicks.
A. A. Asheg(10-2001)

This study was conducted to develop a short-term immersion procedure for masculinisation of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by using 17α-methyltestosterone at 100, 200 or 400 µg l-1 for 3, 6 or 12 h. Fry were immersed two successive times with 3 days interval period. The highest percentage of male Oreochromis niloticus (96±4 %) and the lowest gonado-somatic index of female Oreochromis niloticus (1.89±0.02) were obtained by immersion of fry in 17α-methyltestosterone at the level of 400 µg l -1 for 6 h. However, survival rate of Oreochromis niloticus Fry during hormone treatment period did not differ significantly from survival rate in the control group. Tilapia culture is widespread all over the world. The problem of overpopulation in fish ponds caused by uncontrolled reproduction is a major constraint to the further development of the Tilapia culture industry. This problem could be overcamed by culturing all-male populations of Tilapia. One of the most common techniques for producing all-male populations of Tilapia is androgen-induced-sex-reversal by using androgen-treated feed. However, the immersion of fry is not fully developed for practical usage. Feeding androgen carries some potential disadvantages as in efficiency in masculinisation. Immersion of Tilapia fry in androgen solutions may be an alternative to oral administration of androgen, this technique is well developed in salmonid culture; however it remains largely experimental in Tilapia culture. The objective of this research was to develop short-term immersion procedure for the masculinisation of Nile Tilapia by using 17α-methyltestosterone and evaluating the most proper dose concentration and hormone treatment period.
ABDUSSALAM ABUMHARA(10-2009)

ِAbdulatif Asheg, Khalid Fathi Almasri (1-2020)