اُجريت هذه الدراسة المعملية خلال فصل الصيف (2013) حيث تم تجميع كمية كافية من التربة على عمق (20cm) من مزرعة كلية الزراعة-جامعة طرابلس، ثم نقلت إلى المعمل لتجفيفها هوائياً وتفكيك التكتلات الترابية ثٌم غربلتها بغربال قطره (2mm) لفصل الحصى وإجراء التحاليل الأولية للتعرف على خصائصها الطبيعية والكيميائية المبينة في جدول (1،2) وبعد العمليات التي أُجريت على كل من السماد العضوي (مخلفات الدواجن) والتربة أُخذت عينة تربة وزنها (500gm) ثم أضيف إليها السماد العضوي بمعدلات (0 -10 -20 -30 طن/ه) وخلطت جيداً، ثم كررت كل معاملة (3) مرات خلال فترات التحضين والتي حددت بالأسابيع وضعت التربة في الأصص عند درجة حرارة الغرفة مع متابعة الرطوبة من حين إلى آخر للمحافظة عليها عند السعة الحقلية (بالطريقة الوزنية)، أجريت التحاليل الكيميائية والحيوية للعينات المعاملة على امتداد فترات التحضين (0–8أسابيع) وتم تحليل البيانات المتحصل عليها وفقاً للتصميم الإحصائي CRD)). أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن هناك تغيرات طفيفة في درجة تفاعل التربة والذي قد يعزى إلى وجود كربونات الكالسيوم في السماد والتربة، وسجل إرتفاع طفيف في درجة التوصيل الكهربائي ds/m9.55=EC خلال فترات التحضين، وهذا نتيجة إلى وجود نسبة عالية من الأملاح في سماد الدواجن، أما بالنسبة إلي كمية النيتروجين في التربة (NH+4-NO-3 -Total-N) فقد سجل تذبذب في كمية النيتروجين خلال فترات التحضين وهذا نتيجة لتحلل السماد العضوي بواسطة الأحياء الدقيقة في التربة، وذلك مع وجود تركيزات ملحوظة من النترات في مياه الري أما بالنسبة للمادة العضوية فحدث لها إنخفاض تدريجي من بداية فترة التحضين إلى نهايتها وتصاعد غاز(CO2) هذا دليل على تحللها بواسطة الكتلة الحية في التربة، أما بالنسبة إلى الكتلة الحية وتأثرها بمعدلات إضافة السماد وفترات التحضين فقد لوحظ وجود تفاوت في أعداد المستعمرات، فكلما زادت كمية إضافة السماد في بداية فترة التحضين كانت أعدادها ثابتة ومع مرور الزمن لوحظ زيادة في أعدادها، وهذا يدل على وجود مواد صعبة التحلل تحتاج إلى فترة زمنية طويلة، حيث لوحظ من (6-8 أسابيع) تكون الكتلة الحية أكثر عدداً وهذا دليل على تحلل السماد العضوي خلال فترات التحضين . Abstract A laboratory study was conducted to investigate Nitrogen transformation in Soil and poultry manure mixture, This study was carried out during summer 2013. Uncultivated sandy loam Soils to a depth of 20cm were collectedfrom the faculty of Agriculture farm University of Tripoli, Libya.500 grams of sandy loam Soils was mixedwell with poultry manure at different application rates of 0,10,20,30 Ton/ha with three replicates, then all treatments were incubated at room temperature under field capacity for 0,2,4,6,8 weeks for each treatment. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis according to statistical design (CRD). The results showed a slight increase in pH during all time of incubation presumably due to the presence of calcium carbonate in Soil and manure. The results also showed marked increase in Electrical conductivity (EC) with all rates of poultry manure addition, this may be due to the presence of high concentration of salts in poultry manure. (EC = 9.55dS/m).Total Nitrogen and Inorganic Nitrogen (NO-3 and NH+4) showed fluctuation during different incubation period. This fluctuation was due to transformation of Nitrogen between mineralization and immobilization as a result of microbial population successive activities.This nitrogen transformation are governed by Nitrogen content, C/N Ratio and manure type and rate. The organic matter showing a dramatic amount of degradation due to the high microbial activity, while the results showed a gradual decrease in CO2 emission along all incubation periods up to 8 weeks, this is mainly due to differences in manure rates and differences in incubation period as well. In this experiment it was oberved that the number of colonies have increased rapidly with increased incubation time which indicates that there were certain compounds are hardly to decompose, which obviously need a longer time to degrade the higest population density was reported in 6 to 8 weeks.
عبد الناصر عبد القادر محمد محمود (2015)

Abstract Laboratory experiment are conducted in the summer years (2010) to study the impact of adding a source of organic carbon (sawdust) on inorganic nitrogen in the soil Mixing (500 grams) soil texture sandy silt with rates by addition of compost poultry rates (0 - 15-30-60 ton/ ha), as well as the rates of carbon source sawdust (0.5-1%), where then mixed well with each other in order to become homogeneous, and placed in the pot and repeated three times each addition , just as the number of experimental units each experiment (180 experimental units), and incubated at room temperature while maintaining the moisture at field capacity gravimetric way through the different incubation periods, which is set in weeks (0-2-4-8-16 week) by using statistical decomposition split plot twice ( split-split-plot design) and determing the differences moral between averages using Duncan to isolate averages at the level of moral (5%) and analyze the results using a table (ANOVA), and then estimate the degree of interaction of soil (pH) and organic matter and nitrogen mineral and total ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N Ratio) during different incubation periods, The results showed fluctuations in the degree of interaction through different incubation periods were (pH) the highest value for (8.4pH) at the time of incubation (4-8 weeks) and the lowest value (7.8pH) at the time of incubation (16 weeks), the organic matter Tests showed an increase in organic matter with increased rates of adding compost and sawdust at the beginning of the period of incubation and decreases organic matter gradually with increasing duration of incubation (16 weeks) As a result of decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms, while nitrogen mineral available results show an increased nitrogen available at the beginning of the period of incubation with increased rates of added fertilizer and organic sawdust With increasing time incubation fluctuation in the amount of nitrogen available Result of the succession of microbial occur collections and increasing the proportion of (C/N),The Results show in the amount of total nitrogen per transaction At the beginning of the period of incubation and after two weeks of incubation Results show increasing the amount of total nitrogen at a rate (60 ton / ha) and over a period of incubation at (16 weeks) results showed a decrease in the value of total nitrogen when treatment (60 ton / ha) and average (0.5%) sawdust, either carbon to nitrogen (C/N Ratio) Tests showed that the high proportion of carbon to nitrogen, with the rate Add compost and the proportion of sawdust at the beginning of the period of incubation with the passage of time and increase the period of incubation results show low (C/N Ratio) for each transaction with time as a result of mineral nitrogen liberate when the incubation period (4 weeks) and an increase of the period of incubation results show an increase ratio (C/N Ratio) for each transaction.
محمد الطاهر الفيتوري سالم (2013)

Sodicity and salinity can adversely affect soil structure and are common constraints to plant growth in arid regions. Current remote sensing techniques cannot distinguish between the various classes of salt-affected soils. Field and laboratory measurements of salt-affected soils are time-consuming and expensive. Mapping of the salt-affected soils can be used in soil conservation planning to identify regions with different degrees of limitations. There is a need to use existing field and laboratory measurements to create maps of classes of salt-affected soils. The objectives of this study are to classify salt-affected soils, use existing field data to interpolate and validate geospatial predictions of the classes of salt-affected soils using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and create maps showing the different classes and distribution of salt-affected soils. The classification framework for salt-affected soils is based on electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pH and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and provides four degrees of limitations to salt-affected soils: slight (normal soils), moderate (saline soils), severe (sodic soils), and extreme (saline-sodic soils). Spatial interpolation of the field data from northwestern Libya was verified by cross-validation, and maps of the salt-affected soils in the region were created. The majority of soils in this region of Libya are normal (slight degree of limitation). Twenty percent of the topsoil is saline-sodic (extreme degree of limitation). Land use recommendations and rehabilitation strategies can be developed from such maps of salt-affected soil classes. The methodology followed in this study can be applied to other arid regions around the world, particularly in developing countries where budgetary constraints limit detailed field and laboratory measurements of sodicity and salinity. arabic 11 English 70
Hamdi Zurqani, Elena Mikhailova, Christopher Post, Mark Schlautman, Julia Sharp(2-2018)