Abstract This research was an attempt to use the currently available activity coefficient methods with universal sets of parameters to simultaneously predict ternary liquid-liquid equilibrium data. The focus of this research was to calculate phase equilibrium data within fair error using set of Parameters obtained from the above-mentioned models. The significance of this work is to study the liquid-liquid phase equilibrium of the ternary system at several temperatures and to test the capability of the various equilibrium models to correlate these data. A series of liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements were performed by changing the composition of the mixture.The prepared mixtures were placed in the extraction vessel and stirred for 2 h and then left to settle for 4 h. Samples were taken by a syringe from both the upper phase and lower layers. Both phases were analyzed using gas chromatography equipped. Liquid-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system acetonitrile + benzene + n-heptane was measured at 298,313,333 K. The results were used to estimate the interaction parameters between each of the three compounds for the NRTL and UNIQUAC models as a function of temperature. The estimated interaction parameters were successfully used to predict the equilibrium compositions by the two models. The UNIQUAC equation was the most accurate model in correlating the overall equilibrium compositions of the studied system. NRTL models satisfactorily predicted the equilibrium compositions. In each of the mentioned the ternary system, the calculated and experimental data were compared. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the observed and calculated mole percent for NRTL, UNIQUAC was 1.44%, 1.35% for acetonitrile + benzene + n-heptane
عماد الدين محمد الزغداني (2014)

Abstract Deposition of undesirable materials on water wall side of boiler tube that are operated under forced circulation boiling conditions can cause serious trouble in steam boilers. The present study is concerned with the scaling characteristics of water in the boilers. The effects of heat flux and water velocity were evaluated for water having a total hardness and calcium hardness in the range (TH= 380 to 390 ppm asCaCO3 ) and(CaH= 250 to 298 ppm asCaCO3) respectively. The heat flux ranged from (1.05 x 105) to and water velocity in a vertical annular test section range from 0.51 to 0.75 m/sec (1.67 to 2.5 ft/sec) . The test section consisted of an annular duct 0.050 m (2.0-in) O.D. and 0.033 m (1.33-in ) I.D. A 0.30 m (12-in) section of the concentric core of the annulus was electrically heated. Hot water at 97.0 (370.1) was circulated through the annulus where boiling occurred on the heated section. The temperature range at the Surface of heated section in the annulus was from (105 - 118 ). The results of five tests are reported in this study. The fouling resistance vr. time curves reached an asymptotic value and the average of fouling resistance for Runs (1-5) had been plotted. Chemical analysis of scale deposits indcated that Calcium carbonate and Silica were the man Constituents. At constant surface temperature an increase in velocity from 0.51 to 0.75 m/sec (1.67 -2.5 ft/sec), caused about a 20 percent reduction in the asymptotic fouling resistance.
عادل محمد شنقير (2008)

Abstract Water contamination is one of the major problems which the world is facing today. Water contamination not only effect environment and human health, but it has also impacts on economic and social costs. There are various ways used commercially and non- commercially to fight this problem which is advancing day by day due to technological progress There are many methods used for wastewater treatment, among these methods, the use of biological filters " trickling filter ", which depends on The basic idea is to get a larger surface area to get a better handle on the percentage. A composite media is used to replace the conventional stone in order to improve wastewater treatment in this thesis. The aim of this thesis to improve the performance of biological filters using nanotechnology, where to enhancing polymer media in biological and reinforced polypropylene by carbon fiber filters and talc by using electro spinning technology to produce the reinforced fiber that outlet from extruder. Design and simulate the extruder / die characteristics and studying The drag flow and pressure flow were then extracted from the screw parameters which lead into the calculation of the operation point and the operating pressure for the die. Also studying the effect of pressure and viscosity. Calculation of , and extruder characteristic is performed in order to allocate the operating point of the extruder.Two brand of carbon fiber are used in this thesis. The chapter type is at A tensile strength of 800 MN/m2. is selected. The operating pressure of the extruder is found to vary form 29.8 to 38.95 MN/m2 at an operating flow rate of 1.52*10-5 m3/sec. depending on the percentage of carbon fiber used in the blend.
محمود عيسى الفاما (2015)