ABSTRACT Biocides (disinfectants and antiseptics) are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of applications. However, their antibacterial effectiveness is not always well stated by the manufacturers and consumers find it difficult to choose the right product according to their needs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate practically achieves disinfection efficacy of locally available disinfectants and antiseptics on surfaces and infectious microbiological utilities of Tripoli Medical Center (TMC). Fourteen biocides; Ten disinfectants (Dex36, Dex50, Dex53, Mzid-S, Mzid-AF, Deson, Dettol, Seem, Chlor and Wipol) and four antiseptics (HiBi, Esept, Emed and Desman) were tested at concentrations recommended by manufacturers on surfaces, walls and different utilities that were contaminated by locally circulating six isolates of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, Klebscilla pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using four standard evaluation test procedures (capacity test, diffusion test, in-use test and suspension test). Results showed the highest average log reduction (7.4) of test bacteria was given by quaternary ammonium based disinfectants; Dex50, Dex53, Deson-AF and Mzid-S. A comparable average log reduction of test bacteria was noted (7.0, 7.2 and 7.3) for Deson-AF, Dex.50 and Dex.53 respectively. In contrast HiBi as an alcoholic based antiseptic gave the highest average log reduction (7.2) against tested bacteria. Desman, Emed and Wipol antiseptics had poor antibacterial activity on tested bacteria causing almost undetectable log reduction in cell viability. From contamination point of view, five critical departments in Tripoli Medical Centre (TMC) namely; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Surgical ICU, Dermatology, Oncology, and Urology departments were found contaminated with six types of bacteria. Bacillus cereuses followed by Klebscilla pneumonia were the most bacteria spread in whole five mentioned departments, particularly in dermatology department. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was next most widespread bacterium and almost isolated equally from the five medical departments. Acinetobacter baumannii had been isolated from Neonatal ICU; whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been isolated from Oncology Department and Surgical ICU respectively. In addition, Dex36, Chlor, Chlor, Wipol, Desman and E-med exhibited bacterial contamination in both capacity and in-use tests. In conclusions, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and combination of QACs with aldehyde formulations were found to be the best disinfectants for disinfection of contaminated surfaces.
آمـــال منصــــور ابراهيـــم(1-2015)

المقـدمـةُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُ ُالأدبُإثراءُفيُجليلُدورُمنُتقدمهُلماُ،التـاريخيةُالعربيةُالروايةُلأهميةًُنظرا ُ،يسرُوُسهولةُبكلُاءّللقرُالتـاريخيةُللمعلومةُإيصالُمنُإليهُتهدفُوما،العربي ُونظراُلماُقامتُبهُهذهُالروايةُمنُترسيخُللتاريخُفيُعقولُالنشء،انتشرتُهذه ُفيُأقطارُالوطنُالعربيُ،وكانتُليبياُإحدىُهذهُالأقطارُ،حيثُحـاولُالروايات الروائيونُالليبيونُبإثـراءُهذاُالنوعُمنُالرواياتُ،بالكتابةُعنُواقعهمُالتاريخيُوماُ ُالروايةُّروادُأحدُالكونيُإبراهيمُ ي عد ُوبالطبعُ،ُالحروبُأهوالُمنُليبياُعانته عظيمُفيُإثراءُهذاُالمجالُبعددُمنُالرواياتُُالتـاريخيةُالليبيةُ،حيثُكانُلهُأثر ُالفنيةُالناحيةُمنُالكـاتبُبهـذاُ ت شيد ُالتيُالمقالاتُبعضُ وجدتُلـذا،ُالتاريخية ُوالإبداعيةُ،كماُوجدتُبعضُالدراساتُالتيُتناولتُبعضُروايـاتهُبالدراسةُمن حيثُالمنظورُالسرديُفيُرباعيتهُالخسوفُ،وُالفضاءُوبنيتهُفيُالنصُالنقـديُ ُ.الروائيُفيُرباعيتهُالخسوفُ ُُ ي وظف ُأنهُأي،ُالتاريخيةُالروايةُابّكتُأحدُهوُالروائيُأنُانتباهيُلفتُماُولكن ُُمزجهُمدىُعّنتتبُأنُعليناُكانُلذاُالتاريخيةُلرواياتهُكتابتهُأثناءُالليبيُالتاريخ نعلمُأنُالخيالُإحدىُُللحقيقةُالتاريخيةُبخيالهُالروائيُالذيُيكتبهُبرواياته،ُذلـكُلأننا ُ،للتاريخُمغالطةًُأحداثـاُينقلُجعلهُالذي،ُالحدُالكونيُخـيالُتجاوزُفهلُالروائيُصفات ُ.أوُشدُمنُزمامُخيالهُفنقلُالتاريخُكماُهو؟ ُمعينةُزمنيةُفترةُلتاريخُ انعكاساُالروائيينُمنُالمبدعينُعندُالتاريخيةُالروايةُ وت عد ُهذا علىُواقعناُالمعيشُفيماُنسميهُبالمفارقة،لذاُفإنُمنُواجبناُالتنبهُوالاستفادةُلماُحدثُ ُ.منُأخطاءُفيُالتاريخُحتىُلاُنكررهاُفيُحاضرنا ُالأمةُلدىُالتاريخُأهميةُمدىُعلىُ ت ركز ُهيُإذُأهميةُالتاريخيةُالروايةُيزيدُوهذا ُهذهُُتنـاولُإلىُسبقناُمنُالبـاحثينُمنُنجدُلمُأنناُكما، ومستقبلاُ وحاضراُ ماضيا ُ.الزاويةُبالدراسةُ ُلتثبيتًُكبيراًُجهداُكلفنيُوالذي،ُالموضوعُهذاُلاختيارُأدتُمجتمعةُالأسبابُهذه - 8 - ُبعضُالحقـائقُالتاريخيةُ،التيُأوردهـاُالكونيُفيُروايـاتهُموضوعُالدراسة، ُوتوضيحُماُأرادُالكونيُإيصالهُللمجتمعُ،ذلكُلأنُأسلوبُالكاتبُيتصفُبالفلسفة ُ.والغموض
:وفـاء محيي الدين سالم أبوغمجة(1-2009)

ABSTRACT In now days, stabilizing and optimizing the power system networks performance becomes an important issue, from technical and economical point of view. To achieve the best performance different techniques has been used, but due to the complexity and high nonlinear behaviors, the performances obtained are still not fully accepted from engineering point view, especially in optimization side. In this thesis a general review to previous research works are presented. Due to inherently nonlinear power system network, implement an optimal control to achieve the optimal performance in real time is difficult and expensive. Therefore the linearization is better solution if the parameters variations or the disturbances are small enough. A linearized model which characterises the dynamic behavior of the power system is derived in this thesis. Finally, a certain class of optimal control theories, known as the linear quadratic regulator is used to optimize the performance of power system network. The obtained results are analyzed and are remarkably acceptable.
Abdulbaset Emhemed Slama Moftah(1-2016)