Digital Repository for faculty of Pharamcy

Aims. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical screening and antibacterial effect of the aerial parts of G. alypum cultivated in Libya. Methods. The methanolic extract of G. alypum (at concentrations 100 mg/ml, 300 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml and 700 mg/ml) were tested against 13 different strains of standard bacteria (ATCC) by four different methods; paper disc diffusion method, well diffusion method, broth dilution method and finally study the effect of extract on growth curve of bacterial cell were studied. Results. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, coumarins, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, antraquinones and glycosides. While the results of antibacterial tests showed remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth, with maximum inhibition on growth of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus. Moderate effect on growth of Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Aeromonas hydrophila and Salmonella poona. While, the lowest inhibition showed in Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes. However, the extract did not have any effect on Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Klabsiella pneumonia. Conclusion. The methanolic extract of Globularia alypumaerial parts contain the most important constituents with positive results during phytochemical screening, and have antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Basma Doro, Abdulruzag Auzi, Suad Shanab(5-2021)

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Risk factors include consumption of undercooked meat, raw vegetables, and unfiltered water. Aim: This study aims to screen antibodies titer in toxoplasmosis positive patients in Asabieh city in Libya and to screen risk factors associated with infection in this area. Study design: Data were collected using a cross-sectional design. Study Duration and Location: Data were collected from patients of different ages and gendersattending Ali Omar Ascar hospital, Asabieh, during the period of January 2017 to January 2018. Methodology: A single blood sample was collected from 150 patients and spun at 3000 rpm to obtain serum. The serum samples were analysedto detect anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA, BioChec) kit according to manufacturer’s instructions. A self-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on farm animal’s contact, the process of vegetables washing, meatcooking, Water resource and raw water consumption. Results: The total seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 78.6%,out of which IgG and IgM were 68%, and 77.4% respectively. Several risk factors were identified, including daily contact with farm animals (82.6% were +ve, P = .0.01), unfiltered water (61.3% were +ve; P = 0.003). Conclusion: asabieh area showed a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis, and many environmental risk factors associated with the infection as animal hosts, human lifestyle were also identified, that could help to reduce the risk of spreading and transmission of infection among the populations in the future.
Basma Doro, Hend Shubar, Asma Ramadan, Badereddin Annajar(8-2019)

Vaccine hesitancy has surfaced globally within the last few decades, and the fears and misconceptions of people about vaccine safety and effectiveness have been identified as key factors for their under-utilization. The familiarity, attitudes, and religious beliefs of the public and of future healthcare practitioners regarding vaccination are extensive areas needing exploration. The present exploratory cross-sectional study was designed, planned and carried out on students enrolled in health science and non-health science courses in one of the public universities of Malaysia. A research instrument that had been formulated, validated and subjected to reliability testing was used to collect the data, which were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A response rate of80.8% (n = 202) was obtained: the majority were female (n = 161, 79.7%), and had been vaccinated before (n = 190, 97.5%), while a mere 2% did not support vaccination for reasons pertaining to safety issues. The vaccine familiarity score was 10.79±1.4, which significantly differed among the study disciplines (p< 0.001). The mean of the total attitude score was 14.95±1.5, with no significant difference among demographics being noted. The mean of the total religious beliefs score was24.29±2.8and significantly differed based on gender (p= 0.040) and study disciplines(p< 0.001). The current findings showed that the participants were familiar with vaccines and had generally positive attitudes and positive religious beliefs toward vaccination; thus, one can expect that their inclusion in immunization campaigns will generate positive outcomes of the immunization program. Although the current research reported few knowledge gaps, these may be handled with the introduction of a specialized immunization course at an undergraduate level.
Eman Dyab, Ramdan M. Elkalmi, Azyyati Mohd Suhaimi, Ali Qais Blebil, Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Shazia Jamshed, Márió Gajdács(11-2021)

Grape seeds extract has therapeutic values including antimicrobial activity, antioxidant effect, wound healing and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate and compare antibacterial activity of different species of grape seed) Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera and Vitis vinifera( against some bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli). Determine antioxidant effect of grape seed extracts (qualitatively). Antibacterial effects was performed using agar cup cut diffusion method for all bacterial species, followed by using minimum inhibitory concentration MIC for the species showed to be inhibited by grape seeds extracts. Antioxidant assay was done using DPPH scavenging test, methanolic solution of each grape seeds was spotted on TLC paper, sprayed with 0.2 % methanolic solution of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reagent. Vitamin C was used as positive control. From the results, all grape species didn’t have any effect on K. pneumonia and E. coli, red and black grape seeds showed the highest inhibition zone (20 mm) on Staph. Aureus agar plate, green grape had the highest effect on Sterp. Pneumonia agar plate (20 mm). The lowest effect was for the red grape seeds extract (13 mm) on Acinetobacter calciaceticus. In general the three grape seeds extract had effect on Staph. aureus, Sterp. pneumonia and Acinetobacter calciaceticus. The red and black grape seed extract was effective against Sterp. pneumonia strain at MIC values of 7.8 mg/mL and black grape seeds extract had MIC at 7.8 mg/mL on Staph. aureus. However, the test for MIC of seeds extracts for the rest of bacterial species ranged between 15.62 and 87.5 mg/mL. The result showed that black grape seeds extract had the largest spot change in color indicating strong antioxidant effect. The lowest effect was by red grape seeds. From this result black grape showed to be the best grape seeds extract among the three chosen species in its antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy.
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi(4-2021)

More than 2000 cultivars of Phoenix dactylifera L. are known to grow around the world. Date is an essential fruit in North Africa, and in Libya in particular, it represents an important national food resource. Recently, researchers discovered the medicinal value of different parts of palm tree beside the well known nutritional value of the fruit edible part. In this study five Libyan date seeds (Bestian, Deglet, Abel, Khadrai and Hamrai) were collected from Aljofra region and were screened for phytochemical components and their antimicrobial activity. The phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of five different Libyan date palm seeds showed the presence of aflavnoids, glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compound, tannins, and fixed oil, absences of alkaloids and saponine. The susceptibility of bacterial species to five methanolic extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L seeds by cup-cut agar method exhibited Inhibition zones (IZD). That inhibition zone diameters are vary from 15.0 0.3 to 3.02 0.01 against MRSA; 16.040.1 to 6.0  0.7 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 14.2 0.1 to 6.00.7 against Proteus vulgaris; 18.3 0.2 to 6.0 0.1 against Staphylococcus aureus; 14.04 0.2 to 2.0 0.02 against E. coli; and 18.0 0.1 to3.2 0.02 against Klebsiella pneumonia. The results of current study shows the antibacterial properties of five Libyan samples of date seed extract against a wide spectrum of bacteria. arabic 21 English 126
Basma Doro, Nahla Labyad, Fadia Gafri(1-2020)

Leishmaniasis is a major health problem and itis estimated that 12 million people are currently infected.A vaccine which could cross-protect people against different Leishmania spp. would facilitate control ofthis disease as more than one species of Leishmania may be present. In this study the ability of a DNA vaccine, using the full gene sequence for L. donovani gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) incorporated in the pVAX vector (pVAXGCS), and a protein vaccine, using the corresponding recombinant L. donovani GCS protein (LdGCS),to protect against L. major or L. mexicana infection was evaluated. DNAvaccination gave transient protection against L. major and no protection against L. mexicana despite significantly enhancing specific antibody titres in vaccinated infected mice compared to infected controls. Vaccination with the LdGCS protected against both species but only if the protein was incorporated into non-ionic surfactant vesicles for L. mexicana. The results of this study indicate that a L. donovani GCS vaccine could be used to vaccinate against more than one Leishmania species but only if the recombinant protein is used. arabic 30 English 176
Basma Doro, (12-2012)

virus infection continues to be an important public health concern with regard to blood transfusion in Libya and in Africa. This concern is related to the screening test. Objectives: The main aim of this study to investigate the blood donors samples for HIV, HBV and HCV infections in Tripoli-Libya, North Africa during the first five months of 2015. Methods: The total of 686 blood samples obtained from healthy blood donors who attended Tripoli’s central blood bank, were tested for HBsAg, HCV and HIV using the VITROS® 3600 Immunodiagnostic System. Results: From the 686 samples examined, the frequency of HBsAg positive cases was 0.8%, the number of anti-HBc positive samples was found to be particularly high in the age group 29 and 36 years (p= 0.0001). The number of anti-HBc positive samples was found to be particularly high in the age group 30-39 years (p= 0.01). Most occupation that had positivity with anti-HBc and HBV-DNA were free workers and was less in students. Most positive cases were from east of Tripoli the capital (Tagora, Soq-Aljomaha). Conclusion: The frequency of HBsAg positive blood donors and anti-HBc among this sample was 0.8% and 0.7% respectively, which is low compared with the international findings. The current study estimated the expected exclusion rate of anti-HBc and HBsAg positive donated blood, as this would be an important factor to consider before donation. arabic 16 English 63
Basma Mohamed K Doro(9-2015)

تعتبر قرحة المعدة والإثنى عشر من أكثر أمراض الجهاز الهضمي شيوعاً. ورغم معرفة معظم العوامل المسببة للقرحة مثل الادوية المضادة للالتهابات الغيرستيرويدية وبكتيريا مثل helicobacter pylori والكحول والتدخين وغيرها ورغم توفر الأدوية المختلفة لعلاجها الاأن هناك الكثير من الحالات التي لاتستجيب بفعالية لهذه الأدوية وذلك لعدم المعرفة التامة ببعض العوامل المؤثرة على حدوثها. من المعروف أن ايونات الكالسيوم تلعب دوراً مهما في تنظيم إفراز الحامض المعدي، وتعتبر هذه الايونات مسؤلة عن تطور حدوث الأنواع المختلفة للقرحة، كما يلعب تدفق الكالسيوم دوراً مهما في إفراز وتحفيز الخلايا mammalian oxyntic cells , التأثير الذي يمكن منعه من قبل حاصرات الكالسيوم calcium channel blockers وعلاوة على ذلك تمارس حاصرات الكالسيوم تأثيرا مانعا لتحفيز إفراز الحامض المعدي عن طريق الهستامين , والجاسترين لذا يمكن أن يكون لحاصرات قناة الكالسيوم تأثير وقائي ضد القرح المعوية وذلك بتخفيض تدفق الكالسيوم مما يؤثر على إفراز الحامض في المعدة. ولهذا هدفت هذه الدراسة لتقييم تأثيرات احد أنواع حاصرات قنوات الكالسيوم الفيرباميل عند إعطاءه مع مضاد الهيستامين الرانتيدين على قرحة المعدة المستحدثة في الفئران بواسطة الكحول الإيثيلي (الايتانول). وقد أظهرت نتائجنا أن مضاد الكالسيوم، الفيراباميل، الذي يستخدم عادة لعلاج أمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية بما في ذلك ارتفاع ضغط الدم والذبحة الصدرية، وعدم انتظام ضربات القلب يملك خصائص مضادة للقرحه حيث أشارت النتائج إلى انخفاض في قرح المعدة وإفراز الحامض المعدي و ذلك عندما يعطى بمفرده أو جنبا إلى جنب مع مضادات الهيستامين الرانتيدين، وبالتالي فأنه من الممكن أن يلعب الفيراباميل دور مفيد في المرضى الذين يعانون من أعراض القلب والأوعية الدموية، وكذلك يتناولون الكحول. ويمكن الجمع بين استخدام الفيراباميل و الرانيتيدين بشكل فعال في القرحة المعوية الحادة ومتلازمة زولينجر إليسون، وربما يكون مفيداً للغاية في المرضى الذين يعانون من القرحة الهضمية، وامراض القلب والأوعية الدموية، قد تكون هناك الحاجه إلي إضافة جرعة صغيره من الرانتيدين لأن الفيراباميل وحده لن يكون كافياً للسيطرة على القرحه المعديه. وهناك حاجة إلى مزيد من الدراسات لتحديد الآلية الدقيقة للتأثير الواقي من القرحه للفيراباميل بما في ذلك تقييم تأثيره على إطلاق مخاطية المعدة للبروستاجلاندين، وتدفق الدم في مخاطية المعده، وعلى اطلاق وسائط الالتهاب الأخرى وبالإضافة إلى ذلك هناك الحاجة إلى المزيد من الدراسات السريرية على الإنسان لتأكيد هذه الفعالية.
زينب رمضان الشريف (2012)