On March 2013, the Libyan poultry industry faced severe outbreaks due to mixed infections of APMV-1 (Newcastle disease) and low pathogenic avian influenza (AI) of the H9N2 subtype which were causing high mortality and great economic losses. APMV-1 and H9N2 were isolated and characterized. Genetic sequencing of the APMV-1/chicken/Libya/13VIR/ 7225-1/2013 isolate revealed the presence of a velogenic APMV-1 belonging to lineage 5 (GRRRQKR*F Lin.5) or genotype VII in class II, according to the nomenclature in use. Three AI viruses of the H9N2 subtype, namely A/avian/Libya/13VIR7225-2/2013, A/avian/Libya/13VIR7225-3/2013, and A/avian/Libya/13VIR7225-5/2013, were isolated and found to belong to the G1 lineage. Analysis of amino acid sequences showed that the analyzed H9N2 viruses contained the amino acid Leu at position 226 (H3 numbering) at the receptor binding site of the HA, responsible for human virus-like receptor specificity. On March 2014, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the H5N1 subtype was diagnosed in a backyard poultry farm in an eastern region of Libya. The H5N1 isolate (A/chicken/Libya/14VIR2749-16/2014) was detected by real time RT-PCR (rRTPCR). Genetic characterization of the HA gene revealed that the identified subtype was highly pathogenic, belonged to the 2.2.1 lineage, and clustered with recent Egyptian viruses. This study revealed the presence of a velogenic APMV-1 genotype and of two influenza subtypes, namely HPAI H5N1 and H9N2, which are of major interest for public and animal health. Considering these findings, more investigations must be undertaken to establish and implement adequate influenza surveillance programs; this would allow better study of the epidemiology of APMV-1 genotype VII in Libya and evaluation of the current vaccination strategies.
Abdulwahab Kammon(5-2015)

Aim: The aim of this work was to isolate and molecularly identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 in milk and dairy products in Libya, in addition; to clear the accuracy of cultural and biochemical identification as compared with molecular identification by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA for the existing isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 samples of raw milk (cow, she-camel, and goat) and locally made dairy products (fermented cow’s milk, Maasora, Ricotta and ice cream) were collected from some regions (Janzour, Tripoli, Kremiya, Tajoura and Tobruk) in Libya. Samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for isolation of E. coli that was detected by conventional cultural and molecular method using polymerase chain reaction and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. Results: Out of 108 samples, only 27 isolates were found to be EHEC O157 based on their cultural characteristics (Tellurite-Cefixime-Sorbitol MacConkey) that include 3 isolates from cow’s milk (11%), 3 isolates from she-camel’s milk (11%), two isolates from goat’s milk (7.4%) and 7 isolates from fermented raw milk samples (26%), isolates from fresh locally made soft cheeses (Maasora and Ricotta) were 9 (33%) and 3 (11%), respectively, while none of the ice cream samples revealed any growth. However, out of these 27 isolates, only 11 were confirmed to be E. coli by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA and E. coli O157 Latex agglutination test. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that majority of local E. coli isolates were related to E. coli O157:H7 FRIK944 strain. Conclusion: These results can be used for further studies on EHEC O157 as an emerging foodborne pathogen and its role in human infection in Libya.
Salah M. Azwai(1-2016)

تم إجراء هذه الدراسة بمنطقة الزاوية و التي تبعد 60 كم غرب مدينة طرابلس في مزارع خاصة للأغنام. أجريت الدراسة في الفترة الزمنية من شهر ناصر(يونيو) 2008 إلي شهر هانيبال (أغسطس) 2009. لقد كانت أهداف هذه الدراسة, البحث و التقصي عن موسمية التناسل و تقييم فعالية عدد من المعالجات الهرمونية في إحداث الشبق و توحيده لتحسين الأداء التناسلي للنعاج البربري الليبية. ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف, تم تنفيذ أربع تجارب مستخدمين فيها 475 نعجة بربري ليبية سليمة و خصبة إضافة إلي عشر كباش سليمة وخصبة من نفس السلالة. التجربة الأولى: تم استخدام 300 نعجة لدراسة عن الموسمية التناسلية لهذه النعاج باستخدام البروستاجلاندين α2F (PGF2α ). قسمت الحيوانات إلي أربع مجاميع و حسب فصول السنة (100, 55, 100و 45 نعجة) للصيف, الخريف, الشتاء و الربيع على التوالي, تم تقسيم كل مجموعة من هذه المجاميع إلي مجموعتين (مجموعة المعالجة و مجموعة المراقبة), تم حقن مجموعة المعالجة بجرعتين (125ميكروجرام( من PGF2α بالعضل بفاصل 11 يوما بين الجرعة الأولى و الثانية. بينما تم حقن مجموعة المراقبة 1 مليلتر بالعضل من المحلول الفسيولوجي (NaCl 0.9) بجرعتين بفاصل 11 يوما بينهما. عند الانتهاء من حقن الجرعة الثانية في كلتا المجموعتين, تم إدخال الكباش للتلقيح الطبيعي لمدة ستة أيام. كانت الفترة الزمنية لظهور علامات الشبق بعد الانتهاء من المعالجة (الجرعة الثانية) مختلفة معنويا جدا (P
نجمي محمد المريول (2011)