The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of proteolytic, meat-tenderizing enzymes (papain and bromelain) against E. coli and L. monocytogenes at three different temperatures (5, 25 and 35°C). Two overnight cultures of E. coli JM109 and L. monocytogenes were separately suspended in 1% peptone water and exposed to a proteolytic enzyme (papain or bromelain) at three different temperatures. Bromelain concentrations (4 mg/ml) and (1 mg/ml) tested at 25°C against E. coli and L. monocytogenes, respectively, were the most effective concentrations tested reducing populations by 3.37 and 5.7 log CFU/ml after 48 h, respectively. Papain levels of (0.0625 mg/ml) and (0.5 mg/ml) were the most effective concentration tested at 25°C against E. coli and L. monocytogenes, respectively, reducing populations by 4.94 and 6.58log CFU/ml after 48h, respectively. Interestingly, the lower papain concentration tested (0.0625 mg/ml) was more effective than the higher concentration (0.5 mg/ml) against E. coli at all three temperatures. As expected, the temperature was directly related to enzyme efficacy against both E. coli and L. monocytogenes.
Hesham Taher Naas(1-2013)

الإلقاء المستمر لمياه الصرف الصحى في المنطقة الساحلية للبحر المتوسط بمدينة طرابلس و التى تمتد من تاجوراء الى جنزور قد ادى الى حوث تأثيرات سلبية مستمرة على كل من الأحياء المائية و المستهلك بصورة اصبحت ظاهر في تلك المنطقة الساحلية. لقد عرف التلوث الكيميائي المرتبط بتركيبة الصرف الصحى بتأثيره الشديد على جهاز المناعة في الاسماك مما يؤدى الى زيادة في قباليتها للإصابة بالبكتيريا المرضية. في الدراسة الحالية تم عزل أربعة عترات من الميكروب السبحى "ستربتوكوكس" من أسماك المرجان العادى التى تم تجميعها من المنطقة الساحلية لشاطئ طرابلس في المنطقة الممتدة من تاجوراء الى جنزور. توضح النتائج ان ميكروب ستربتوكوكس ايناى (Streptococcus iniae) كان الأكثر شيوعا فى فصلى الصيف و الربيع يليهم على الترتيب ميكروب ستربتوكوكس ديسجلاكتيا (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) أما ميكروب ستربتوكوس فوكى (Streptococcus phocae) فقد كان الأكثر شيوعا في موسم الشتاء. Abstract: The continuous dumping of municipal sewage into the coastal zone of the Mediterranean Sea has been reported to have greater negative impacts on both aquatic animals as well as human consumer. The chemical pollutants in the sewage composites would have deleterious damaging effects on the fish immune system with consequent vulnerability to bacterial invasions. In the current study, four Streptococcal bacterial species were successfully isolated from the Common Pandora fish (Pagellus erythrinus) collected from the coastal zone of Tripoli through the area from Tajourah to Janzour localities. Strept iniae was the most prevalent Streptococci in examined fish during summer and spring seasons followed by Strept dysgalactiae then Enterococus fecalis. Streptococcus phocae was the most prevalently isolated Streptococci from examined fish during the winter season, while Enterococcus fecalis was recorded to be the second on the list.
طارق دخيل حسن (2015)

Since its emergence as a major cause of coronavirus pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2 has spread quickly all over the world. The pandemic has affected all aspects of life and continues to spread despite the stringent control measures. Meanwhile, scientists all around the world have been scrambling to ascertain how the virus spreads and find out the effective ways to put this outbreak quickly under control, focusing on both persistent strict domestic interventions and vigilance against exogenous imported cases (1,2). Several cases of family clusters have been reported and evidence of person-to-person transmission has been confirmed. Indicating the importance of early detection and isolation of infected patients (3,4). Hence then special caution is needed for asymptomatic patients particularly for family members.
Daw MA, Ahmed MO, ET AL.(1-2021)