The epidemiological patterns of Bluetongue (BT) in North Africa and Mediterranean Basin (MB) dramatically changed by emergence of subsequent episodes of novel bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes with highly pathogenic indexes and socio-economic impacts. The objective of the study was to investigate the sero-prevalence and serotype distribution of BTV in Libya. During 2015-2016, a total of 826 serum samples were collected from domestic ruminants in Libya. All sera were assayed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (c-ELISA). C-Elisa-positive samples (43.3%; 173/400) were further analyzed by virus neutralization assay to identify BTV serotypes and determine the antibody titre of positive samples. An overall BTV sero-prevalence was 48.4% (95% CI: 45.0%-51.8%). Neutralizing antibodies were detected against the following BTV serotypes namely: BTV-1, BTV-2, BTV-3, BTV-4, BTV-9 and BTV-26. While BTV-1, BTV-2, BTV-4 and BTV-9 circulation was unsurprising as they have been responsible of the last year outbreaks in Northern African Countries, the detection of BTV-3 and BTV-26 was definitely new and concerning for the animal health of the countries facing the Mediterranean Basin. It is crucial that European and Northern African authorities collaborate in organizing common surveillance programmes to early detect novel strains or emerging serotypes in order to set up proper preventive measures, and, in case, develop specific vaccines and plan coordinated vaccination campaigns. arabic 13 English 96
Abdusalam Sharef Abdusalam Mahmoud(1-2018)

تهدف هذه الدراسة للتحقق من تأثير إضافة خميرة الخبز والمضاد الحيوي (اكسي تتراسيكلين) في الأعلاف الملوثة بسم الافلاتوكسين بمعدل 450 ميكروجرام / كجم وذلك على كفاءة أداء الطير معدل هضم العناصر الغذائية كالبروتين ، الدهن ، الألياف والمستخلص الخالي من النيتروجين كذلك شملت الدراسة مدى التأثير على ظهور الأعراض الجانبية للافلاتوكسين من ذلك حجم الكبد، القلب، القلنسوة ، جزء مقطعي من الأمعاء الرفيعة وكذلك حجم كرات الدم المرصوصة ( PCV ) والكيس الزلالي (Borsa). استعملت في هذه الدراسة 400 كتكوت عمر يوم وذلك في تجربتين الأولى 100 كتكوت والثانية 300 كتكوت . قسمت الكتاكيت في كل تجربة إلى خمسة مجموعات (الأولى 5 معاملات في 3 مكررات في 10 كتاكيت) والثانية (5 معاملات في 3 مكررات في 20 كتكوت). الخمسة معاملات عبارة عن معاملة تحكيم هذه المجموعة أعطيت علف تسمين لحم (22% بروتين) أما الأربع المعاملات الأخرى أعطيت الكتاكيت علف تسمين لحم + افلاتوكسين 450 ميكروجرام/كجم ، المجموعة الثانية – علف تسمين لحم + افلاتوكسين + خميرة خبز3 جرام/كجم المجموعة الثالثة- علف تسمين لحم + اكسي تتراسيكلين 100 جرام لكل 1طن من العلف مجموعة رابعة – علف تسمين لحم + خميرة خبز + اكسي تتراسيكلين مجموعة خامسة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود تضخم في وجود أحجام الكبد نتيجة للتلوث الافلاتوكسينى سواء في المجموعة الثانية والمجموعة الرابعة. انخفضت نسبة حجم كرات الدم المرصوصة PCV وحجم الكيس الزلالي Bursa في وجود الافلاتوكسين بينما ارتفع وتحسن في وجود الخميرة والمضاد الحيوي. انخفض معدل هضم البروتين ، الدهن ، الألياف والمستخلص الخالي من النيتروجين بينما تحسن تحسناً ملحوظاً في وجود المعاملة بالخميرة والتتراسكلين مع بعض. على الرغم من عدم ظهور اختلافات معنوية في أوزان الطيور ولا الاستهلاك الغذائي نتيجة المعاملات إلا أن النتائج أوضحت أن أوزان الطيور انخفضت نتيجة الافلاتوكسين وتحسنت مع المجموعات المعاملة بالخميرة والتتراسيكلين وقد انعكس ذلك على الكفاءة التحويلية الغذائية للطير أيضاً. نتائج الدراسة تؤكد أنه بالإمكان السيطرة والتحكم والتقليل من الأثار المختلفة الناجمة عند تلوث الأعلاف بسم الافلاتوكسين وذلك إذا استعنا بإضافة خميرة الخبز بنسبة 3%. Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding baker yeast (BY), oxytetratracycline (OTC) and both BY + OTC to a control diet containing 450 ug/g of aflatoxin B (C + AF) on performance, digestibility of feed nutrients (protein, fat, fiber and nitrogen free extract), the weights of internal organs (Liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, bursa and small intestine) and on the Packed cell volum to record the alterations of broilers. A total 400 chicks were used in two experiments 100 chicks in the first experiment (5 treatmens X 10 birds X 2 replicates) and 300 in the second one ( 5 treatments X 20 birds X 3 replicates). Chicks were divided into five groups control and four treatments in individual cages and each containing assigned birds. BY, a rich source of protein and vitamin B complex, was mixed into the diets at 3.0 %, as well OTC was mixed into the diet at 100g per 1 ton of feed. Feed consumption, body weight and feed efficiency were recorded weekly. The weight of body organs (liver, heat, spleen, gizzard, bursa and small intestine) were determined at the end of the study. Dead animals were recorded daily. Liver changes were clearly apparent in the C+AF and C+ AF+OTC most of the livers were enlarged. The Packed cell volume (PCV) was decreased in C+AF an increase was observed when BY and OTC was added in the feed. The digestibility of protein, fat, fiber and nitrogen free extract were determined. The digestibility in general was lowered in the C+AF. An improvement in the digestibility was gained in C+ AF+BY, C+ AF+OTC and combination of BY+OTC When compared to the (C+AF) group the weight of bursa, appear to be significantly decreased in the C+AF while the weight was invreased in C+BY+ AF and C+BY+OTC groups. Feed consumption and body weight were not significantly different although it was reduced in group AF. Birds receiving BY + AF, OTC + AF and BY + OTC + AF had a significantly higher body weight than group C+AF. Feed efficiency was better in group C+AF+BY and C+AF+OTC than the others. The findings of this research suggest that BY (3%) can partly counteract some of the toxic effects of AF.
هندة مختار محمد أبوالقاسم (2008)

A relatively low scientific research output is not unique to Libya and unfortunately persists as compared to more economically developed countries.[1],[2] Recent data have revealed the very low-productivity rate of research from Libya, compared to other Arab and North African nations.[1],[3],[4] In 2003, Libya's hierarchal ranking among 20 Arabic countries was 12th for annual publication rate, 10th for publication rate according to population, and 15th for publication rate according to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).[5] As Libya undergoes geopolitical and socioeconomic upheavals, there is certainly a unique opportunity for improving all aspects of its educational and economic infrastructures. The post-2011 era and the current civil upheaval have, however, resulted in disrupted infrastructure, social incoherence, and a fragmented society, affecting every aspect of daily life of its citizens. Libya's research output was investigated by analyzing the collective peer-reviewed publications of biomedical research from Libya, with a focus on institutions of higher education and the medical sector revealing important knowledge and novel scientometric data.[1]
Mohamed O. Ahmed, Et Al.(5-2019)