أجريت التجارب بمعامل قسم المحاصيل / كلية الزراعة / جامعة الفاتح. لغرض فحص مدى تأثير المستخلصات المائية لأوراق حشيشة ضرس العجوز على إنبات ونمو باذرات نبات القمح. وقد أجريت هذه الدراسة بناءً على ما ورد في البحوث السابقة من وجود تداخلات بين الأنواع النباتية المختلفة من حيث تثبيط نمو أنواع نباتية أخرى بسبب امتصاصها للمكونات الطبيعية الثانوية التي تفرزها الأنواع النباتية الأخرى وليست بسبب المنافسة على المواد الغذائية والضوء والهواء. وتشير بعض الدراسات السابقة إلى أن تأثير هذه المستخلصات على نمو باذرات النباتات المختلفة يختلف باختلاف طبيعة المستخلص وطبيعة المركب، وكذلك حسب نوع الباذرات. اختبرت المستخلصات وسجلت التأثيرات على الإنبات وطول الباذرات بعد ستة أيام من الزراعة، أجريت التجارب بتصميم القطع العشوائية الكاملة (CRD) بثلاث مكررات، وحللت البيانات إحصائيا، وأجرى اختبار دنكن لعزل المتوسطات. وقد دلت النتائج على وجود مواد مثبطة للإنبات في مستخلص الأوراق لنبات ضرس العجوز من أهمها حامض السيناميك بناء على كروماتوجرافي الطبقة الرقيقة، والذي كان له تأثير على إنبات بذور وباذرات القمح. كلمات مفتاحيه :- Emex spinosa ، Triticum durum ، التضاد ، مركبات فينولية arabic 121 English 24
عمار عمران عبدالسلام الشمام(4-2010)

Soil ecosystem services (ES) (e.g., provisioning, regulation/maintenance, and cultural) and ecosystem disservices (ED) are dependent on soil diversity/pedodiversity (variability of soils), which needs to be accounted for in the economic analysis and business decision-making. The concept of pedodiversity (biotic + abiotic) is highly complex and can be broadly interpreted because it is formed from the interaction of atmospheric diversity (abiotic + biotic), biodiversity (biotic), hydrodiversity (abiotic + biotic), and lithodiversity (abiotic) within ecosphere and anthroposphere. Pedodiversity is influenced by intrinsic (within the soil) and extrinsic (outside soil) factors, which are also relevant to ES/ED. Pedodiversity concepts and measures may need to be adapted to the ES framework and business applications. Currently, there are four main approaches to analyze pedodiversity: taxonomic (diversity of soil classes), genetic (diversity of genetic horizons), parametric (diversity of soil properties), and functional (soil behavior under different uses). The objective of this article is to illustrate the application of pedodiversity concepts and measures to value ES/ED with examples based on the contiguous United States (U.S.), its administrative units, and the systems of soil classification (e.g., U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Taxonomy, Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database). This study is based on a combination of original research and literature review examples. Taxonomic pedodiversity in the contiguous U.S. exhibits high soil diversity, with 11 soil orders, 65 suborders, 317 great groups, 2026 subgroups, and 19,602 series. The ranking of “soil order abundance” (area of each soil order within the U.S.) expressed as the proportion of the total area is: (1) Mollisols (27%), (2) Alfisols (17%), (3) Entisols (14%), (4) Inceptisols and Aridisols (11% each), (5) Spodosols (3%), (6) Vertisols (2%), and (7) Histosols and Andisols (1% each). Taxonomic, genetic, parametric, and functional pedodiversity are an essential context for analyzing, interpreting, and reporting ES/ED within the ES framework. Although each approach can be used separately, three of these approaches (genetic, parametric, and functional) fall within the “umbrella” of taxonomic pedodiversity, which separates soils based on properties important to potential use. Extrinsic factors play a major role in pedodiversity and should be accounted for in ES/ED valuation based on various databases (e.g., National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) databases). Pedodiversity is crucial in identifying soil capacity (pedocapacity) and “hotspots” of ES/ED as part of business decision making to provide more sustainable use of soil resources. Pedodiversity is not a static construct but is highly dynamic, and various human activities (e.g., agriculture, urbanization) can lead to soil degradation and even soil extinction. arabic 7 English 46
Elena A. Mikhailova , Hamdi A. Zurqani , Christopher J. Post , Mark A. Schlautman, Gregory C. Post (3-2021)

Agricultural and Marine Sciences, 15: 21-27 (2010) 2010 Sultan Qaboos University Carcass characteristics of the Libyan purebred Mahali goat and their crosses with Damascus and Morcia Granada Goats. Ahtash A.E., Biala A.s., Magid M.F. and Marhoun H.M. This study was conducted to evaluate the Carcass characteristics of Mahali (M), Damascus (D) and Morcia Granada goats and their crosses. Live weght, carcass weight, dressing-out %, rib eye muscle area, non-carcass component and kidney fat were measured. The results showed significant superiority of Damascus goats in live weight (65.8 kg), carcass weight (34.3 kg), dressing-out % (52.1 %), rib eye muscle areas (22.7 cm2) over the Mahali and Morcia Granada goats. The crossbred group ( ½ M x ½ D) was superior in live weight (50 kg), carcass weight (24.2 kg), dressing-out % (48.4%) and rib eye muscle area (21.2 cm2) over other crossbreds. The crossbred group (¾ D x ¼ M) was superior in live weight (61.7 kg) carcass weight (31 kg) and rib eye muscle area (21.3 cm2) over the other ¾ crossbreds. This study indicated that crossing between Mahali x Damascus breed was beneficial for increasing live weight and meat production. Key words: Breeds, crossbreeding, carcass.
Abdelkareem E. Ahtash, Abdulla S. Biala , Aiad F. Magid , Hamed M. Marhoun(5-2010)