تعتبر التربة الطينية من انواع التربة الصعبة ذات المشاكل الهندسية نتيجة لظروف تكوينها والتأسيس عليها يكون صعباً بسبب حدوث الحركة النسبية في المنشأ نتيجة الانتفاخ او الهبوط.ويعتبرالطين من المكونات الرئيسية للسبخة ولهذا اجريت الدراسة الجيوتقنية لتربة السبخة بالمنطقة من سرت الى البريقة حيث تصل عدد العينات الى 300 عينة على طولالمنطقة . والدراسة الجيوتقنية مهمة عند اقامة مشاريع انشاء البنية التحتية مثل المنشآت ,والسكة الحديدية , والطرق , وانابيب الماء والغاز . وفي هذا البحث تم اجراء عدة تحاليل جيوتقنية لهذه التربة لما لديها من مشاكل ولانها من التربة الصعبة.وشملت الدراسة الحقلية التجارب اختبار الاختراق القياسي واختبار التحميل الموقعي واختبار مروحة القص . ومنها صنفت بانها مكونة من تربة رملية مختلطة بنسب متفاوتة من الطين والطمي والاختبارات المعملية مثل اختبارات اللدونة والتحليل المنخلي واختبار الضغط الغير محصور.ومن هذه اوضحت ان التربة منخفضة اللدونة ووجد ان تماسك التربة يزداد بزيادة عدد الطرقات في التربة ومنها يقل هبوط التربة . ونجد ان التربة الطينية متماسكة لان دليل اللدونة PI = 7 – 17 .لقد بينت نتائج المقارنة ان المناطق التي تحتاج لتحسين تميزت بكثافة نسبية ضعيفة ومقاومة قص منخفضة بالاضافة لقيم هبوط عالية آخداً في الاعتبار وجود المياه في السبخة .بينت علاقات المقارنة بين هبوط التربة في كل من الاختراق القياسي والتحميل الموقعي شكل (6.6) ان الهبوط في التربة السبخية في مواقع الدراسة يختلف من نقطة لاخرى ويتراوح من 20 الى 100 مم ومن هذا نجد ان التربة التي تحتاج لعمليات تحسين هي المواقع التي يتعدى الهبوط فيها 25 مم .وبينت العلاقة بين العمق والكثافة النسبية في شكل (7.6) ان الكثافة النسبية ضعيفة من عمق 0 الى 6 متر . Abstract The clay soil is considered one of the difficult types and have engineering problems due to its composition. The foundation upon the clay soil may face some troubles because of relative movement as a result of heave or settlement of the substrate .The clay is one of the main components of the sabkha, therefore the present study was carried out on the geotechnical properties of the sabkha soil along the area from Sirte to Brega. Up to three hundreds samples were taken from the studied area .The geotechnical study is very important for the construction of Infra structure projects , such as huge buildings , railway roads , asphaltic roads and pipes of water and gas. In this research, several geotechnical tests were undertaken for the sabkha soil, because of it is hard and have some problems.The field study included the standard penetration test, load testing and test site fan of the storytelling. According to the different tests, the soil was classified as composed of sandy soil mixed with varying conte- nts of clay and silt .The laboratory tests such as tests for plasticity, sieve analysis and unconfined compression test were performed. These showed that low soil plasticity and found that the cohesion of the soil increases with the number of blows in the soil, associated with settlement of the soil. We find that the clay soil is cohsion because it has coherent index plasticity PI = 7 - 17. The results of the comparison showed that the areas that need to improvement are characterized by relatively low density and low values of resistance to shear , in addition high values of settlement, with taking into consideration into account the presence of water in the sabkha. The relationships between the comparative settlement of soil in each of the standard penetration site and download the form fig. (6.6) that settlement of the sabkha soil in the studied sites varies from one point to another, ranging from 20 to 100 mm .Therefore we find that the soil which needs to improvement processes is located in the sites that have settlement which exceeds than 25 mm. The relationship between the depth and relative density fig. (7.6) showed that the relative density is weak from a depth of 0 to 6 meters.
سالمة ابراهيم محمد (2010)

Abstract Normally the study and investigated of earth material from the view of their uses as embankment and backfill material has a great importance in earth woks. This research concerns the assessment of earth masses and their properties which related embankment and backfill suitability as well as providing a mixing methods to upgrade the unsuitable within the accepted standards. The objectives of this research could be briefed by the investigation of earth masses along the study area which is governed by the distribution of superficial deposits comprehensive laboratory testing of soil samples molding Andes properties classification testing proctor and California bearing ratio recognition of suit able and non suit able backfill soil enhancement of unsuitable soil by mixing with other suitable soil such as quarry dust provided by nearby quarry correlation analysis and economic feasibility the study area is located in east of Tripoli from Tajoura to Misurata . This study manly concluded that as long as the poorly graded soil (A3) is difficult to be compacted according to the engineering properties of such soil are enhanced certainly by mixing with good sailable materials such as quarry dust. This research also conduced that the compaction properties will be enhanced by mixing where the optimum moister content is needed at the increase of maximum dry density. This research provides procedure of mixing design and recommendations for the mixing to achieve better results.
عبد السلام محمد بحرون (2011)

Abstract Abu-Shaybah Formation is located on the coastal of the Meditrranean sea South of Ghanimah North West of Libya, between Tripoli and Al Khumes, about 100 km East of Tripoli. It lies on the eastern end of Jabel Nafusa flank. Abu Shaybah Formation Ghanimah area of Late Triasic age, consists of sandstone. The sedimentary structure in the lower most part from studied outcrops reflect NW paleocurrent direction indicating that Jabel Nafusa uplift poorly effect the study area. The upper part of studied succession changing in pallaeocurrent dirction to NE due to Jabel Nafusa uplifting. The extreme changing of paleocurrent direction and paleoslope direction to East due to continuous increase in Jabel Nafusa uplift, direction of vertical joints in Wadi Qirrim presented from NW to SE dirction. The rocks of Abu Shaybah Formation analyzed using differnt kinds of technique, Polrized Microscpe, XRF, SEM techniques. The study of sedimentary texture (grain size, roundness, sorting, and sphiricity) and sedimentary structures showed that Abu Shaybah Formation outcrops deposited in response to two fining upword cycles, formed mainly in Braided Stream Rivers with some effects of meandering. The sequences of Abu Shaybah Formation outcrops that exposed in Wadi Qirrim have been identified on many types of sedimentary facies associated with given sedimentary stucture as, Planar cross bedding, Convolute bedding, Trouph cross bedding, Ripple bedding, Shrinkage cracks, Plant rootlets, Concretions, Unconformity, Channels, Massive bedding, Laminated bedding, and the results which located on the grain size of quartz also loacted on the grain size of heavy minerals like tormaline, zircon and reutile.
سليم معمر قجوم (2009)