Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme level, which is routinely measured at clinical laboratories, increases in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and hepatitis patients. This study investigated the difference in ALP level among ESRD and hepatitis patients. ALP level was measured in sera of patients suffering from ESRD, HCV and HBV infections, as well as patients suffering from comorbidity of these diseases, then the obtained values of ALP level were statistically compared to a control group. The results of three-Way ANOVA revealed that the mean of ALP level increased significantly (P-value< 0.05) in all types of diseases compared to the control group, with the highest increase in case of ESRD patients infected with Hepatitis B and C. Also, it was found that the interaction of group-gender significantly (P-value< 0.05) altered ALP level in patients suffering from HCV or HBV infections, while the interaction of group-age, gender-age, group-gender-age were found not to significantly alter it. In conclusion, ESRD patients with HBV/HCV coinfection may have a higher risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality than ESRD or HBV or HCV patients. arabic 25 English 103
HA Alemam, A Bashein(1-2020)

Objectives: Tobacco use in all its forms represents a very well-known preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Alteration of plasma lipids levels is one of the mechanisms by which it causes CVD. In addition, there are controversial reports linking tobacco use with diabetes. This case-control study is aiming to investigate the interrelationship between tobacco use and BMI, lipid profile, and plasma glucose in Libyans residing in Tripoli region. Methods: The study was conducted on 200 healthy male subjects, including, 50 non-smokers aged 40.98±8.07, 50 cigarette smokers aged 41.32±7.39, 50 water-pipe users aged 42.04±7.39, and 50 snuff inhalers aged 39.36±7.00. BMI was estimated as (kg/m 2), lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose were estimated in triplicate by enzymatic colorimetric method and expressed as (mg/dL). Results: Our results showed that BMI is significantly higher in tobacco users than non-smokers (P 0.0001). Total cholesterol and triacylglycerols are significantly higher in tobacco users (P 0.0001). HDL is significantly higher in non-smokers (P 0.0001). LDL not affected by tobacco use (P 0.32). Fasting plasma glucose significantly higher in tobacco users (P 0.0001). Conclusions: In conclusion, tobacco use affects the BMI, lipid profile, and glucose which are components of the metabolic syndrome in the Libyan males population. arabic 31 English 133
H Alemam, Abdulla Bashein, (1-2015)

In Libya, little is known about HIV-related hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality. This was a retrospective analysis of HIV-related hospitalizations at Tripoli Medical Centre in 2013. Of 227 cases analysed, 82.4% were males who were significantly older (40.0 versus 36.5 years), reported injection drug use (58.3% versus 0%) and were hepatitis C virus co-infected (65.8% versus 0%) compared with females. Severe immunosuppression was prevalent (median CD4 count = 42 cell/μL). Candidiasis was the most common diagnosis (26.0%); Pneumocystis pneumonia was the most common respiratory disease (8.8%), while cerebral toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 8.4% of patients. Current HAART use was independently associated with low risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.33), while central nervous system symptoms (OR 4.12), sepsis (OR 6.98) and low total lymphocyte counts (OR 3.60) were associated with increased risk. In this study, late presentation with severe immunosuppression was common, and was associated with significant in-hospital mortality. 24
Nader S Shalaka(10-2015)