The antibiotic elansolid C1 (8) was isolated from Chitinophaga sancti strain FxGBF13 after fermentation in the presence of anthranilic acid. Remarkably, 8 was also obtained by addition of anthranilic acid to a crude fermentation extract containing the macrolide elansolid A2 (1*). This Michael-type conjugate addition allowed us to generate 21 new derivatives of elansolid C1 (9-29) by using various nucleophiles. Biological activities of all derivatives were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and the mouse cell line L929. arabic 9 English 74
Heinrich Steinmetz, Wiebke Zander, Muftah A. M. Shushni, Rolf Jansen, Klaus Gerth, Richard Dehn, Gerald Dräger, Andreas Kirschning, Rolf Müller(8-2012)

نبات الشيح وأسمه العلمي "Artemisia herba alba" يتبع الفصيلة المركبة "Asteraceae" هو نبات حولي عشبي، ذو رائحة عطرية ينمو في شمال أفريقيا بما فيها " ليبيا " ومعظم دول أوروبا وأسيا. الجزء الهوائي من نبات الشيح تم تجميعه من جنوب طرابلس " مدينة ترهونه " في شهر أي النار لعام 2007 إفرنجي. تم ٳستخلاص الجزء الهوائي المطحون "1 كجم " لنبات بواسطة جهاز "Soxhelt apparatus" وذلك تعاقبيا بزيادة القطبية للمذيبات العضوية من الأقل ٳلي الأعلى قطبية " الهكسان العادي، الكلوروفورم تم الميتانول ". ثم تجزئة مستخلص الكلوروفورم لنبات بواسطة العمود الكروماتوغرافي وكروماتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة المجهزة مما ينتج عنها فصل المركب "β-sitosterol" الذي تم التعرف عليه بواسطة " جهاز الرنين المغناطيسي، جهاز تحت الحمراء، جهاز طيف الكتلة " وكذلك بالمقارنة بعينة نموذجية. تم دراسة تاثيرثلاتة أنواع من المستخلص كمضادات حيوية على ثلاثة أنواع من البكتريا سالبة لصبغة الجرام (Escherichia coli-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella spp) ونوع واحد من بكتريا موجبة لصبغة الجرام بالإضافة ٳلى قرص "' Impenem كسلالة مرجعية باستخدام طريقة ٳنتشار القرص وطريقة التركيز المانع الأدنى. أظهرت النتائج أن الاختلاف في قطر المنطقة المانعة يعتمد على نوع البكتريا ونوع المستخلص، يتراوح معدل قطر المنطقة المناعة من 8-12 ملم, 14 -16ملم لمستخلص الكلوروفورم والميتانول كان 6.25 ملغم /مل ضد البكتريا العنقودية بينما كان أعلى تركيز كان 100,50 ملغم /مل ضد الأنواع الأخرى من بكتريا سالبة لصبغة الجرام. Abstract: Artemisia herba Alba Asso. (Asteraceae) is strongly aromatic shrubby perennial that grown in North Africa including Libya, most of Europe and Asia the aerial parts of Artemisia herba Alba Asso. Were collected from the south of Tripoli (Tarhona area) aon January 2007. The powder of aerial parts (1Kg ) were extracted successively with n-hexane chloroform, and methanol by soxhelt apparatus .The crude chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography resulted isolation of two compounds β- sitosterol and mixture of terpenoids which were not further separated . The structures identification was determined by spectroscopically [H1 -NMR, 2D (COSY, HMBC), Mass spectra], in comparison with an authentic sample of β- sitosterol and Stigmasterol compounds using TLC plate. Disk diffusion and Micro dilution techniques were used to determine the antibacterial activity of (n-hexan, Chloroform, Methanol) extracts of Artemisia herba alba against one species of gram positive strain (Staphylococcus aureus) and three species of gram negative strain (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Pseudomonas aerugenosa ). Imipenem discs was used as reference strain. The zone of inhibition varies depending on bacterial species and type of extract. The average diameter of inhibition zone ranges from 8-12mm, 14-16 mm for chloroform and methanol extract respectively. Chloroform and methanolic extracts were effective against gram-positive strain (Staph. aureus) with the least concentration (MIC = > 6.25), while the higher concentrations (100,50mg lml) was effective against the other gram-negative strains.
عائشة مصطفي اللافي (2009)

Mosquitoes can transmit more diseases than any other group of arthropods and affect millions of people throughout the world. They act as a vector for most of the life-threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever and dengue fever. The major tool in mosquito control operation is the application of synthetic insecticides such as organochlorine and organophosphate compounds. Use of many of the former synthetic insecticides in mosquito control program has been limited due to high cost, environmental sustainability, harmful effect on human health, and other non-target populations, their non-biodegradable nature, higher rate of biological magnification through ecosystem, and increasing insecticide resistance on a global scale. One of the most effective alternative approaches under the biological control program is to explore the floral biodiversity and enter the field of using safer insecticides of botanical origin as a simple and sustainable method of mosquito control. This study aimed to evaluate larvicidal and pupicidal effect of five plant extracts (thyme, peppermint and citronella leaf extracts, clove buds extracts and lemon peels extract). Methanol extracts of thyme, peppermint and citronella leaf, clove buds and lemon peels were tested for their larvicidal and pupicidal activity. The standard WHO guideline for larvicides and pupicides evaluation was used. Three plant extract concentrations were prepared (25, 50 and 100 mg/ml) and tested on 20 larvae and 20 pupas (3rd and 4th instars) for each concentration on white enamel trays. Mortality percentage were calculated after 24 hrs. where larvae who doesn’t show swimming movement considered dead. Adult mosquitoes were identified to genus level. Thyme showed the highest % of yield (56%) followed by clove, peppermint, lemon and citronella with 13, 13, 8 and 5 % of yield respectively. The highest mortality % of larvae were by clove with 100% for the three tested concentrations, followed by thyme, lemon and peppermint. Citronella gave no effect as larvicidal agent. In pupicida activity test, thyme showed the highest activity followed by clove. Lemon didn’t show any pupicidal activity. Mosquito was identified as Culex. This result clearly reveals that buds extract of E. caryophyllus and leaf extracts of T. vulgaris and peels extract of C. limonoids could serve as a potential larvicidal agents against the Culex mosquito. The mode of action and larvicidal efficiency of these plant spp. extract should be scrutinized and determined. Besides, further investigation regarding the effect on non-target organism is extremely important and imperative in the near future. arabic 11 English 79
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi, , , (4-2019)