Digital Repository for Department of Microbiology & Immunology

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial effect of Ficus carica extracts against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, & Staphylococcus aureus. Study Design: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity using Cup-cut agar method. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, from October 2015 to March 2016. Methodology: The leaves and stem part extracts of Ficus carica plant were prepared using maceration method. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were evaluated using Cup-cut agar method to determinate inhibitory zone diameters in millimeters of the plant extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The measurement of exponential bacterial growth curves was used to determine the type of growth pattern spectrophotometrically at 600 nm. Furthermore, plate count methods were also used to enumerate the bacterial count and to determine the percentage of inhibition as well as IC50. Results: The results of this study showed that Ficus carica extracts used, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum zone of inhibition against S. aureus (27± 0.04mm, p
Basma Mohamed K Doro(1-2018)

Aims: Diabetic foot ulcer is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus and often proceed lower extremely amputation. Propolis is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory bee derived protectant resin. Previously, topically applied propolis has been reported to reduce inflammation and improves cutaneous ulcer healing in diabetic rodents. This study aimed to determine the Libyan honey and propolis activity and honey against bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcer lesion Study Design: In vitro antimicrobial activities of honey and crude hexane and methanolic extract of Libyan propolis against bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcer lesion Place and Duration of Study: Samples collected from patient in Tripoli Iben Nafees Hospital using disc and agar diffusion method. Methodology: Disk diffusion method on groups of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were obtained from diabetic foot lesion. Results: The result showed that the percentage of aerobic bacteria isolated from diabetic lesion was about 74%, which include MRSA, E. coli, Ps. aeruginose, Citrobacter, Pantoea, Proteus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Enterobacter and Serratia bacteria. Whereas anaerobic bacteria reported about 26% of Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus Jensenii. Conclusion: It was concluded that the honey and propolis extract had antibacterial activity against a different type of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that were isolated from diabetic foot ulcer lesion.
Basma Mohamed K Doro(1-2019)

Aims: This work was carried out to screen for the presence of bacteria in roasted chicken sold in the market, poultries shop and restaurants in Tripoli. Study Design: A total of 25 roasted chicken and 25 raw chicken parts randomly collected from different selling points in Tripoli. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology laboratory in microbiology and immunology department in the faculty of pharmacy in university of Tripoli, January 2013 to September 2013. Methodology: Bacteriologically examined using the standard microbiological method according to Based on the colonial morphological and biochemical test, the following bacteria species were isolated. Results: Prevalence of Salmonella was higher in raw chicken samples (100%) compared to the roasted one (28%), E. coli was detected in both raw and roasted chicken (32%), whereas Shigella and E. coli O157:H7 were detected only in roasted chicken [(8%) and (24%)] respectively. Conclusion: The study found that the raw chicken samples were more susceptible to bacterial contamination than the roasted chicken samples, therefore special strategies are needed to decrease the prevalence of bacterial pathogens in chicken samples present in Tripoli area. Therefore good handling/hygiene in processing and preheating of roasted chicken before consumption is recommended.
Basma Mohamed K Doro(1-2022)

ا كان لإلنسان أن يخطو، يف فترة وجيزة تقارب القرن من الزمن، هذه اخلطوات العمالقة يف مجال العلوم واملعرفة، بدون البحث العلمي الرصني الذي يعتمد الطريقة العلمية يف التفكير، وليس غريبا أن تكون إحدى أهم ركائز تصنيف اجلامعات العاملية مدى قدرة اجلامعة على اإلسهام الفاعل يف إثراء املعرفة االنسانية من خالل ما جتريه من بحوث. وانطالقا من اإلحساس مبسؤولياتها، ويف سبيل السعي إلى احلصول على موطأ قدم لها بني جامعات العالم، شكلت جامعة طرابلس جلنة من أساتذتها؛ لوضع مشروع وثيقة ألخالقيات البحث العلمي داخلها تلزم باحثيها اتباع االشتراطات، واملعايير، واملتطلبات األخالقية املنبثقة أس�اس�ا م�ن املفاهيم وامل�ب�ادئ العليا التي تقوم عليها املجتمعات، وتقرها الديانات واألعراف والتشريعات والثقافة واملواثيق الدولية ذات العالقة والتي تضبط وتنظم السلوك اإلنساني وتصنف املمارسات واألفعال والعالقات والسياسات، فيما إذا كانت مقبولة، أو غير مقبولة، ولتحافظ على أعلى مستوى ممكن من الشفافية واملصداقية يف العملية البحثية.
بسمة محمد خليفة دورو, خالد الهادي عبدالسلام الرفاعي, عبدالكريم امحمد احمد احتاش, محمد عبدالسلام محمد القريو , محمود احمد امحمد الديك, ضو خليفة محمد الترهوني, (1-2017)

Abstract: Ciprofloxacin is a second-generation of fluoroquinolone, broad-spectrum antibiotic with bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. It is one of the most widely used antibiotics, because of its efficacy, safety, and relatively low cost. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is water-soluble monosaccharide antioxidant; it is essentially required by the body for its various biochemical and physiological processes. S. aureus is Gram-positive cocci; widely distributed in the environment, it is a member of the normal flora of the body. S. aureus is not always pathogenic; it is a common cause of skin infections including abscesses, respiratory infections such as sinusitis, and food poisoning. E. coli is Gram-negative bacteria, found in the environment, foods, and intestines. Most E. coli strains are harmless; it is part of the normal microbiota of the gut. However, some serotypes of E. coli cause serious food poisoning in their hosts; it can cause diarrhea, while others cause urinary tract infections, respiratory illness and pneumonia, and other illnesses. Method: Cup cut diffusion method was applied. Experiment I: is carried out to choose the concentration of vitamin C to be used in experiment II. The negative control is normal saline, added in cup in each plate, vitamin C (100 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL) was added, the volume in each cup was 100 μL. Experiment II: Eight groups of treatments were applied. The first is the negative control (1% normal saline), the second group is the positive control of vitamin C (200 mg/mL). The third, fourth and fifth groups are ciprofloxacin with different concentrations (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL); the sixth, seventh and eighth are the combination of vitamin C with each concentration of ciprofloxacin (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL). Each group includes six petri dishes. Bacterial plates were incubated at 37 o C for 24 h and 48 h. Zone of inhibition is measured in mm. Results and conclusion: Ciprofloxacin produces dose dependent increase in zone of inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli growth, after 24 and 48 hours incubation. While vitamin C in the concentration used produced inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, after 24 hours incubation, vitamin C effect was not changed after 48 hours incubation. After 24 hours incubation, vitamin C potentiated the effect of ciprofloxacin at low concentration (10 mg/mL); while vitamin C antagonized the effect of ciprofloxacin at higher concentrations (20 and 40 mg/mL) on S. aureus growth. In the same time, ciprofloxacin antagonized the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on S. aureus growth. After 48 hours incubation, S. aureus produced resistance against ciprofloxacin alone, and that combined with vitamin C compared to zone of inhibition after 24 hours. Ciprofloxacin produced dose dependent inhibition of E. coli growth after incubation for 24 and 48 hours. Vitamin C potentiated the inhibitory effect induced by ciprofloxacin (additive effect). The inhibitory effect of ciprofloxacin, vitamin C and the combination was not changed after 48 hours compared to 24 hours.
Bassma M. Doro, Suhera M. Aburawi(7-2019)

Aims. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical screening and antibacterial effect of the aerial parts of G. alypum cultivated in Libya. Methods. The methanolic extract of G. alypum (at concentrations 100 mg/ml, 300 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml and 700 mg/ml) were tested against 13 different strains of standard bacteria (ATCC) by four different methods; paper disc diffusion method, well diffusion method, broth dilution method and finally study the effect of extract on growth curve of bacterial cell were studied. Results. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, coumarins, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, antraquinones and glycosides. While the results of antibacterial tests showed remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth, with maximum inhibition on growth of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus. Moderate effect on growth of Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Aeromonas hydrophila and Salmonella poona. While, the lowest inhibition showed in Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes. However, the extract did not have any effect on Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Klabsiella pneumonia. Conclusion. The methanolic extract of Globularia alypumaerial parts contain the most important constituents with positive results during phytochemical screening, and have antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Basma Doro, Abdulruzag Auzi, Suad Shanab(5-2021)

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Risk factors include consumption of undercooked meat, raw vegetables, and unfiltered water. Aim: This study aims to screen antibodies titer in toxoplasmosis positive patients in Asabieh city in Libya and to screen risk factors associated with infection in this area. Study design: Data were collected using a cross-sectional design. Study Duration and Location: Data were collected from patients of different ages and gendersattending Ali Omar Ascar hospital, Asabieh, during the period of January 2017 to January 2018. Methodology: A single blood sample was collected from 150 patients and spun at 3000 rpm to obtain serum. The serum samples were analysedto detect anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA, BioChec) kit according to manufacturer’s instructions. A self-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on farm animal’s contact, the process of vegetables washing, meatcooking, Water resource and raw water consumption. Results: The total seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 78.6%,out of which IgG and IgM were 68%, and 77.4% respectively. Several risk factors were identified, including daily contact with farm animals (82.6% were +ve, P = .0.01), unfiltered water (61.3% were +ve; P = 0.003). Conclusion: asabieh area showed a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis, and many environmental risk factors associated with the infection as animal hosts, human lifestyle were also identified, that could help to reduce the risk of spreading and transmission of infection among the populations in the future.
Basma Doro, Hend Shubar, Asma Ramadan, Badereddin Annajar(8-2019)

More than 2000 cultivars of Phoenix dactylifera L. are known to grow around the world. Date is an essential fruit in North Africa, and in Libya in particular, it represents an important national food resource. Recently, researchers discovered the medicinal value of different parts of palm tree beside the well known nutritional value of the fruit edible part. In this study five Libyan date seeds (Bestian, Deglet, Abel, Khadrai and Hamrai) were collected from Aljofra region and were screened for phytochemical components and their antimicrobial activity. The phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of five different Libyan date palm seeds showed the presence of aflavnoids, glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compound, tannins, and fixed oil, absences of alkaloids and saponine. The susceptibility of bacterial species to five methanolic extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L seeds by cup-cut agar method exhibited Inhibition zones (IZD). That inhibition zone diameters are vary from 15.0 0.3 to 3.02 0.01 against MRSA; 16.040.1 to 6.0  0.7 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 14.2 0.1 to 6.00.7 against Proteus vulgaris; 18.3 0.2 to 6.0 0.1 against Staphylococcus aureus; 14.04 0.2 to 2.0 0.02 against E. coli; and 18.0 0.1 to3.2 0.02 against Klebsiella pneumonia. The results of current study shows the antibacterial properties of five Libyan samples of date seed extract against a wide spectrum of bacteria. arabic 21 English 126
Basma Doro, Nahla Labyad, Fadia Gafri(1-2020)