Acetylmelodorinol, chrysin and polycarpol, together with benzoic acid, benzoquinone and stigmasterol were isolated from the leaves of Mitrella kentii (Bl.) Miq. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production in human whole blood using a radioimmunoassay technique. Their inhibitory effect on platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor binding to rabbit platelet was determined using 3H-PAF as a ligand. Among the compounds tested, chrysin showed a strong dose-dependent inhibitory activity on PGE2 production (IC50 value of 25.5 μM), which might be due to direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymatic activity. Polycarpol, acetylmelodorinol and stigmasterol exhibited significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on TXB2 production with IC50 values of 15.6, 19.1 and 19.4 μM, respectively, suggesting that they strongly inhibited COX-1 activity. Polycarpol and acetylmelodorinol showed strong dose-dependent inhibitory effects on PAF receptor binding with IC50 values of 24.3 and 24.5 μM, respectively. arabic 23 English 159
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi, Juriyati Jalil, Malina Jasamai, Ibrahim Jantan(4-2012)

نبات الشيح وأسمه العلمي "Artemisia herba alba" يتبع الفصيلة المركبة "Asteraceae" هو نبات حولي عشبي، ذو رائحة عطرية ينمو في شمال أفريقيا بما فيها " ليبيا " ومعظم دول أوروبا وأسيا. الجزء الهوائي من نبات الشيح تم تجميعه من جنوب طرابلس " مدينة ترهونه " في شهر أي النار لعام 2007 إفرنجي. تم ٳستخلاص الجزء الهوائي المطحون "1 كجم " لنبات بواسطة جهاز "Soxhelt apparatus" وذلك تعاقبيا بزيادة القطبية للمذيبات العضوية من الأقل ٳلي الأعلى قطبية " الهكسان العادي، الكلوروفورم تم الميتانول ". ثم تجزئة مستخلص الكلوروفورم لنبات بواسطة العمود الكروماتوغرافي وكروماتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة المجهزة مما ينتج عنها فصل المركب "β-sitosterol" الذي تم التعرف عليه بواسطة " جهاز الرنين المغناطيسي، جهاز تحت الحمراء، جهاز طيف الكتلة " وكذلك بالمقارنة بعينة نموذجية. تم دراسة تاثيرثلاتة أنواع من المستخلص كمضادات حيوية على ثلاثة أنواع من البكتريا سالبة لصبغة الجرام (Escherichia coli-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella spp) ونوع واحد من بكتريا موجبة لصبغة الجرام بالإضافة ٳلى قرص "' Impenem كسلالة مرجعية باستخدام طريقة ٳنتشار القرص وطريقة التركيز المانع الأدنى. أظهرت النتائج أن الاختلاف في قطر المنطقة المانعة يعتمد على نوع البكتريا ونوع المستخلص، يتراوح معدل قطر المنطقة المناعة من 8-12 ملم, 14 -16ملم لمستخلص الكلوروفورم والميتانول كان 6.25 ملغم /مل ضد البكتريا العنقودية بينما كان أعلى تركيز كان 100,50 ملغم /مل ضد الأنواع الأخرى من بكتريا سالبة لصبغة الجرام. Abstract: Artemisia herba Alba Asso. (Asteraceae) is strongly aromatic shrubby perennial that grown in North Africa including Libya, most of Europe and Asia the aerial parts of Artemisia herba Alba Asso. Were collected from the south of Tripoli (Tarhona area) aon January 2007. The powder of aerial parts (1Kg ) were extracted successively with n-hexane chloroform, and methanol by soxhelt apparatus .The crude chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography resulted isolation of two compounds β- sitosterol and mixture of terpenoids which were not further separated . The structures identification was determined by spectroscopically [H1 -NMR, 2D (COSY, HMBC), Mass spectra], in comparison with an authentic sample of β- sitosterol and Stigmasterol compounds using TLC plate. Disk diffusion and Micro dilution techniques were used to determine the antibacterial activity of (n-hexan, Chloroform, Methanol) extracts of Artemisia herba alba against one species of gram positive strain (Staphylococcus aureus) and three species of gram negative strain (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Pseudomonas aerugenosa ). Imipenem discs was used as reference strain. The zone of inhibition varies depending on bacterial species and type of extract. The average diameter of inhibition zone ranges from 8-12mm, 14-16 mm for chloroform and methanol extract respectively. Chloroform and methanolic extracts were effective against gram-positive strain (Staph. aureus) with the least concentration (MIC = > 6.25), while the higher concentrations (100,50mg lml) was effective against the other gram-negative strains.
عائشة مصطفي اللافي (2009)

Abstract Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed as anxiolytics, sedatives hypnotics, and muscle relaxants as well as anticonvulsants. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are also the most widely used for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Because of the chronic nature of epilepsy, NSAIDs may be used with benzodiazepines in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, there’s a probability of an interaction of NSAIDs and benzodiazepines in clinical practice. In order to study such interactions experimentally, an animal model was used. Thus, this thesis was aimed to explore pharmacological interactions between selective and non selective NSAIDs and diazepam anticonvulsant effect. Convulsion was induced in male albino mice by picrotoxin in two different doses (6 and 8 mg/kg), NSAIDs were used according to selectivity to cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX): Aspirin at 10 mg/kg (COX-1 selective inhibitor) and Aspirin at 100 and 200 mg/kg, diclofenac 10 and 20 mg/kg (non selective COX inhibitors) and celecoxib 20 mg/kg (COX-2 selective inhibitor). Diazepam at 1 and 2 mg/kg were chosen as low doses and parameters of convulsive behavior of picrotoxin deviation. psy, NSAIDs may be used with benzodiazepines in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, there’s a probability of an interaction of NSAIDs and benzodiazepines in clinical practice. In order to study such interactions experimentally, an animal model was used. Thus, this thesis was aimed to explore pharmacological interactions between selective and non selective NSAIDs and diazepam anticonvulsant effect. Convulsion was induced in male albino mice by picrotoxin in two different doses (6 and 8 mg/kg), NSAIDs were used according to selectivity to cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX): Aspirin at 10 mg/kg (COX-1 selective inhibitor) and Aspirin at 100 and 200 mg/kg, diclofenac 10 and 20 mg/kg (non selective COX inhibitors) and celecoxib 20 mg/kg (COX-2 selective inhibitor). Diazepam at 1 and 2 mg/kg were chosen as low doses and parameters of convulsive behavior of picrotoxin were observed in this thesis: onset time, episode frequency and death occurrence within post-injection of picrotoxin for 24 hrs. Aspirin in low dose (10 mg/kg) showed protection against death to about 50%. This protection which seems to be partially effective as anticonvulsant agent, however, higher dose of Aspirin (100 mg/kg) did not produce any significant change against convulsing in mice, Aspirin 200 mg/kg showed highly significant reduction of episode frequency (P < 0.001) and decreased percent of death. Furthermore, Aspirin 200 mg/kg in combination with diazepam has potentiated the effect of diazepam to complete protection against convulsion induced by picrotoxin. With respect to diclofenac, diclofenac pretreated-mice did not show any significant effect at 10 and 20 mg/kg with picrotoxin but in combination with diazepam showed significant potentiated effect of diazepam. Moreover, COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) alone delayed onset of convulsion without significant influence against the control but significantly decreased episodes and percent of death. Also in combination of celecoxib and diazepam, a highly potentiation of the effect and almost complete protection against convulsion behavior were noted (P < 0.001). Thus, it can be concluded that the studied NSAIDs have anticonvulsant behavior-like activity alone and in combination with diazepam. The most profound effect of anticonvulsant activity was showed in low episodes and mortality rate. In combination with diazepam, NSAIDs have more positive potential role in diazepam anticonvulsant effect. The present findings may also suggest that NSAIDs most likely COX-2 selective inhibitor is more potentiated diazepam’s anticonvulsant activity than COX-1 selective and non-selective inhibitors and such interaction could be more likely to be pharmacodynmic type.
نجمية محمد الزواوي (2014)