Digital Repository for Department of Civil Engineering

Abstract

An atomic bomb or any normal bomb may be exploded in the air or at or near the surface of the earth. The medium in which the bomb is burst determines to a large extent the relative magnitudes of the various damaging effects. The detonation of an atomic weapon releases a largeamount of energy in a fraction of a second. During this time the bombcomponents are volatilized into a sphere of hot compressed gas at a temperature of millions of degrees and a pressure of the order of hundredsof thousands of atmospheres. This phenomenon is characterized by an instantaneous and very rapid rise to a maximum pressure followed by a decline to sub-atmospheric pressure and then a gradual return to normal pressure. In this thesis the definitions and types of explosives and explosions are studied, effects of the different types of explosions are explained, transition of atomic air blast pressure from center of explosion to buildings are presented, determination of atomic air blast loading on buildings is studied as well.
أحمد عبدالرحيم سليمان (2008)

Abstract

Fire is one of the greatest risks for every building and particularly for high-rise buildings. Usually, a building fire causes not only hazard to the occupants in a floor, but also a possible threat to the occupants in other floors and in particular to those located at upper storeys, with rising temperature and with killer smoke. Fire simulation can be performed using software packages designed for such a task. The fire simulation can often include aspects of hazard identification, fire growth and smoke movement, egress assessment, structural fire performance, sprinkler and fire detection system design, and smoke management system specification.The present thesis examines the up-to-date technologies available within the context of fire engineering simulation. This work gives an overview of available software packages that are used today in fire engineering simulation. It presents the procedure of fire simulation inside a high-rise building by using an advanced computer program named the Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport ) CFAST for short. The CFAST program simulates fire action by calculating fire gases, the evolving distribution of smoke and temperature throughout a building during fire. This computer program is based on solving a set of equations that predict the state variables such as pressure and temperature. These equations are derived from the conservation equations for energy mass and the ideal gas law. It is important to know that the resulting errors, which might result, does not come from these equations, but rather they come from numerical analysis representation of the equations or from the simplifying assumption.
خالد عبد الونيس السكوري (2010)

Abstract

Reinforced concrete slabs are among the most common structural elements, but despite the large number of slabs designed and built, the details of the elastic and plastic behavior of slabs are not always appreciated or properly taken into account. The problem for the designer is to decide which method is most appropriate for a given slab. It must be determined whether the chosen method satisfies strength and serviceability requirements and whether the solution is economical from both a design and construction point of view. The purpose is to examine different methods of two-way slab design and compare the results to assess the relative merits of design methods. However, commercially available finite element softwares are not designed for this task as most of them have been developed to be used as verification rather than design tools. 'Home-written' software can be designed to achieve this task, however it may suffer from serious drawbacks such as bugs, lack of user friendliness, lack of generality, and unproven reliability.
ماجد يوسف زقوت (2009)

Abstract

Structural analysis is the mathematical calculation of forces, stresses, and deflections within structures, either as part of the design of those structures or as a tool in understanding the performance of existing structures. There are two broad classes of analysis: classical methods and matrix methods. The distinction is based on theory: classical methods were developed to analyze particular types of simple structures and provide answers by means of analytical formulation; matrix methods which are more general and systematic so that they can be conveniently handle structures of any size and complexity, and are computer-oriented using matrix computations. Both approaches, however, are based on the same three fundamental relations: equilibrium, constitutive, and compatibility. The solutions are approximate when any of these relations are only approximately satisfied. Finite element analysis, which originated as an extension of matrix analysis to surface structures (e.g., plates and shells), has now developed to the extent that it can be applied to structures and solids of practically any shape or form. The application of these methods usually requires an understanding on the part of the analyst of the structural analysis principals. The objective of this thesis is to give comparative study of the methods applied in the structural analysis: Classical, Matrix, and Finite-Element.
مالك أحمد النفاتي (2009)

Abstract

The industrial renaissance of the General Arab countries and the Libyan Arab country to make a special request to the elements and lounges stereochemistry of metal accessories and urgent, this renaissance that accompanied the technological revolution represented by using a computer and the diversity of its programs and the expansion of research methods and knowledge in various disciplines imposed on the engineers and industrialists and Almquaoliyn various categories of specialists, and that Ioakpo this international scientific development to be desired and decent level before this data. Where highlights of this research shed light on the installations steric mineral reviewing the characteristics of the analysis and structural design and methods of the basic implementation and relations of reciprocity between them and listed in a simple way and classified according to their constituent elements, to provide those interested in this field, among the main outlines of which need them in this special geometric way. Our goal in this research to the definition of mineral spatial installations, the basics of analysis, design and construction of major roads for this type of installations. Which we hope to contribute to simplify the development and understanding of the specific platform for this type of construction.
نبيل موسى الدليمي (2014)

الموانئ هي المنافذ الرئيسية للتجارة الداخلية والخارجية للدول، وتؤدي دوراً مهماً جداً في النمو الاقتصادي لكثير من الدول المتقدمة؛ حيث تعمل بوابات تمر من خلالها التجارة الخارجية، مثل استيراد المواد الخام ومن ثم تصنيعها وتصدير الجزء الكبير منها بعد التصنيع، أما بالنسبة إلى الدول النامية فإن اقتصاد معظم هذه الدول يعتمد على التجارة المنقولة بحراً ومن ثمّ على الموانئ، ولا تستطيع أي دولة من الدول النامية أن تستورد المنتجات المصنّعة والبضائع الأساسية لسد احتياجاتها؛ وكذلك تصدير المواد الخام التي تمكنها من الحصول على العملات الأجنبية من دون مرافئ فيها أو بالقرب منها ولهذا فان هذا البحث يقوم بدراسة الموانئ بصفة عامة من حيث تصنيفها ومكوناتها الإنشائية وبصفة خاصة دراسة حواجز الأمواج وأنوعها ومميزاتها وعيوبها ولمعرفة مكوناتها لما لها من تأثير على حركة الملاحة بالموانئ وتسليط الضوء على الموانئ الليبية وتصنيفها والظروف البحرية والمناخية المؤثرة عليها ودراسة المشاكل التصميمية لبعض الموانئ الليبية والظواهر التي طرأت على حواجز الأمواج والحلول المقترحة لهذه المشاكل

Abstract

Ports are the main outlets for internal trade and foreign countries, and lead a very important role in the economic growth of many developed countries; where she works gates pass through foreign trade, such as import raw materials and then manufactured and exported a large part of them after processing, but for developing countries, the economy of most of these countries depends on the seaborne trade and then the port, nor can any of the developing countries to be imported manufactured products and essential goods to meet their needs; as well as export of raw materials to be able to get foreign currency without ports where or near.Therefore, this research is studying ports generally in terms of classification and components construction and particularly the study of breakwaters and Onoaha and advantages and disadvantages and knowledge components because of their impact on the traffic in ports and shed light on Libyan ports, classification and sea conditions and climatic influence them and study the problems design of some Libyan ports and phenomena that have occurred on breakwaters and proposed solutions to these problems.
سعاد عمرو امحمد سندوقو (2013)

ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻷوﻟﻰ، وﺻﻮرة اﻟﺘﻘﺪم اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ، وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ وﻣﺰاﻳﺎهﺎ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ واﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ وإﺗﺴﺎع ﻣﺠﺎﻻت اﻹﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻈﺮوف واﻟﺤﺎﻻت، واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ذات اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺠﻴﺪة، ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ آﺎﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ واﻟﺮآﺎم واﻟﺮﻣﻞ واﻟﻤﺎء ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟ ﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ آﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻷهﻤﻴﺔ، ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎر أن اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻬﺎ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ آﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ، اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺬي آﺜﻴﺮا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆدي ﺑﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﺪع ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺪر اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة، وأن ﻳﻌﻘﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺒ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت هﺬﻩ . وﻗﺪ أدى واﻟﺘ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ﻄﻮر ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ زﻳﺎدة اﻷهﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ وﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻣﻠﺤﻮ ﺷﻬﺪت اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاﻧﺊ ﺗﻄﻮرا اﻷ ﻇﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﺧﻴﺮة، وآﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺎ ﻣﻦ إآﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﻐﺎز، واﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﺬي ﺷﻬﺪﺗﻪ اﻟﺒﻼد ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻷﺧﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ، واﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ إﻧﺸﺎء وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺗﺨﺪم ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻼت وﺗﻼﺋﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى وﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﻺهﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﻤﺘﺰاﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻷﺧﻴﺮة وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ، وﻟﻘﻠﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑ ﺎﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ، وﺣﻴﺚ أن ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺻﺪأ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ أﺿﺤﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎآﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺎ وﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮهﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاد وﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬة ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ، وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺘﻌﺮﺿﺔ و ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة، أ ن اﻟﺘﺪهﻮر واﻹﺟﻬﺎدات اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪأ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﺎ أن ﺗﻨﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤ و ﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ واﻟﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﻟﻺﻧﺸﺎءات، ﺗ وإﺳﺘﻘﺮا ﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻬﺎ ر هﺎ وأﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ وﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻘﻮد إﻟﻰ إﻧﻬﻴﺎر ﻣﺒﻜﺮ .وﻗﺪ أﺟ ﺮﻳﺖ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وهﻲ ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬهﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاﻧﺊ اﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء ﺑﻌﺾ اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻏﻴﺮ إﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻴﺮهﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻃﺮق اﻹﻧﺸﺎء واﻟﻈﺮوف واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ .إﺧ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺘﻴﺎر ﺧﻤﺲ ﻣﻮاﻧﺊ ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ وﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ اﻟﻠﻴﺒﻲ وهﻲ ﻣﻴﻨﺎء ﻃﺮاﺑﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري واﻟﺼﻠﺐ وﻣﻴﻨﺎء ﻣﺼﺮاﺗﻪ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري، وﻣﻴﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ، ﺑﻤﺼﺮاﺗﻪ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي . وﻣﻴﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ واﻟﺘﺠﺎري، ورﺻﻴﻒ أﺑﻮآﻤﺶ ،ﺧﻤﺲ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻧﺊ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻢ دراﺳﺘﻬﺎ وﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ أﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ، وﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاؤهﺎ، وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﺘﺪهﻮر اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺬي وﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ، آﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﺮز اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ وﺗﺘﺤﺮى ﻣﺪى اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ واﻹﻟ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺘﺰام وﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ، واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻟﻺﺳﻤﻨﺖ w/c ﺑﺸﻜﻞ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﻤﺎء وﻧﻮع وآﻤﻴﺔ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ، واﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ، ، وﺗﻘﺪم أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺠﻮدة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت واﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ.
عبد الله عمر الشكري (2010)

تمثل الطرق العمود الفقري للبلاد والذي تتمحور حوله وحدة البلاد ونموها وتطورها ، ومما لاشك فيه بأن وجود شبكة متطورة من الطرق في الدولة يمكنها من تحقيق أهدافها وسياساتها المختلفة، فالتقدم في تخطيط وتنفيذ الطرق يعمل على تغيير نمط الحياة ورفع مستوى المعيشة ويساهم في تطور ونمو المجتمعات .تناولت هذه الدراسة البحث في موضوع عوامل ومعايير التصميم الهندسي للطرق ، وأستعرضت كلا من إعتبارات التصميم القديمة والعوامل المطورة لها ، والإعتبارات الأساسية الحديثة للتصميم، كما تطرقت إلى العناصر الأساسية والثانوية للتصميم الهندسي للطرق ، وقدمت لمحة عن مدى تأثير تصميم الطريق على سلامة المرور .وتم عمل مقارنة بين معايير التصميم الهندسي للطرق الحضرية مأخوذة من أربع أدلة تصميم مختلفة، والأدلة على التوالي هي :دليل التصميم الهندسي للطرق لولاية أريزونا الأمريكية ، ودليل التصميم الهندسي للطرق لجنوب أفريقيا ، ودليل التصميم الهندسي للطرق للسعودية، ومشروع إعداد دليل معايير التصاميم الهندسية لشبكة الطرق في ليبيا (الجزء الخاص بالطرق الحضرية) ، وأعطت تقييم عن المعايير المطبقة في ليبيا من خلال أمثلة لبعض مقاطع الطرق القائمة في مدينة طرابلس، كما ناقشت بعض المشاكل الناتجة عن عيوب معايير التصميم والتخطيط في المدينة ، وأهم ما قدم من مقترحات لمعالجتها .كما تم عمل دراسة تحليلية ( إستبيان ) كان الغرض منه التوصل إلى مجموعة من الأهداف وهي كالتالي:التعرف على نشاط الدولة الليبية في أعمال تصميم الطرق من عدمه .انطلاقا من أي مرجعية يتم تصميم الطرق في ليبيا ؟مدى اختلاف معايير التصميم باختلاف الفترات الزمنية التي تم فيها التصميم .مدى مواكبة معايير التصميم المستخدمة حالياً في ليبيا للتطور العمراني .مدى تأثير معايير التصميم على السلامة العامة لكل من الركاب والمشاة والبيئة .وختاما وبإستخدام كلا من النتائج المستخلصة من مراجعة مسودة مشروع إعداد دليل معايير التصاميم الهندسية لشبكة الطرق في ليبيا والمقارنة التي تمت بينها- المسودة – وبين الأدلة الأخرى، والنتائج المستخلصة من مراجعة مسودة مشروع إعداد دليل معايير التصاميم الهندسية لشبكة الطرق في ليبيا ومطابقتها للنتائج المتحصل عليها من الدراسة التحليلية (الاستبيان) ، خلُصت الدراسة إلى إستنتاجات وتوصيات يُرى أنها جديرة بكل إهتمام .

Abstract

Roads constitute the backbone around which revolves the country's unity , growth and development .Undoubtedly the presence of a developed network of roads in the country enables it to achieve its objectives and different policies , progress in roads is conducive to changing the lifestyle , raising the standard of living and contributing to the development and growth of societies.This study researched the factors and engineering design standards for roads and reviewed both the old design considerations and developing factors and basic considerations for modern design, and also addressed the primary and secondary elements of geometric design of roads and provided an overview of the impact of road design on traffic safety. Acomparison was conducted of engineering design criteria for urban roads taken from four different design guides and are respectively: Engineering design manual for roads of the U.S. state of Arizona, Engineering design manual for roads of South Africa, Engineering design manual for roads of Saudi Arabia, The project for preparing a manual of standards of engineering designs for the roads network in Libya (the section on urban roads). The study gave an assessment of the criteria applied in Libya through the examples of some sections of existing roads in the city of Tripoli, also discussed some of the problems resulting from defects in design standards and planning in the city and most important submitted proposals to address such defects.An analytical study ( questionnaire) was designed to reach the following set of goals:Identification of Libya State activity in the works of road design.What is the reference of road design in Libya?Variation of design standards for different time periods in which the design was developed.To what extent are the design criteria – currently used in Libya – are in pace with urban development?Extent of impact of design criteria on public safety for passengers,pedestrians and the environment.In conclusion, by applying the results extracted from reviewing the draft of the project for preparing the manual of criteria of engineering designs for the roads network in Libya and the conducted comparison between this draft and the other evidence and the extracted results from reviewing the draft of the project for preparing the manual of criteria of engineering designs for the roads network in Libya and the subsequent matching of the results obtained from the analytical study (questionnaire), the study reached conclusions and recommendations it deems worthwhile of due attention.
هالة محمد دحيم (2012)