احد اهداف مهندسى النفط هو المحافظه على الانتاج خلال عمر البئر . هدا الهدف ممكن تحقيقه من خلال تطبيق مختلف طرق الرفع الصناعى والتى تضيف طاقه للمكن لتحسين او زياد الانتاج او للوصول الى الحد الادنى من كميه الانتاج والتى تغطى التكاليف اى بمعنى كميه الانتاج الاقتصاديه . اكثر الطرق استخداماً هى طريقه المضخه الكهربيه الغاطسه و طريقه الرفع بالغاز.طريقتى الرفع بالغاز والمضخه الكهربيه الغاطسه يمكن استخدامهم فى الابار التى معدل انتاجها ضعيف والتى لا تعطى ارباح اقتصاديه للشركه. كلتا الطريقتين يعطيان معدل انتاج عالى وبالتالى يؤديان الى زياده الارباح لكن الاختيار بينهم صعب والمدير او المهندس المسئول سيأخد وقت طويل لإتخاد القرار المناسب نتيجه لحاجته لعمل دراسه كامله لإختيار الطريقه المناسبه. الان يمكن استخدام المحاكاه للمساعده فى اتخاد القرار واختيار الطريقه الانسب والتى تعطى اعلى معدل انتاج اى اعلى انتاجيه واكثر ربح. ايضا استخدام المحاكاه سوف يقلل من الوقت اللازم لإنهاء الدراسه.فى هده الدراسه تم تصميم برنامج محاكاه لكلتا الطريقتين المضخه الكهربيه الغاطسه و الرفع بالغاز لإيجاد الطريقه الانسب وذلك اعتماداً على عمر المعدات فى البئر، التكاليف، اعلى معدل انتاج واعلى انتاجيه ، تم جمع البيانات الاساسيه للبرنامج من شركه ريدا للمضخات الغاطسه . البرنامج يمكن استخدامه ايضاً لتقييم الطريقه الموجوده سؤاء إكانت المضخه الغاطسه او الرفع بالغاز.شكره اينى للنفط زودت المبرمج بالبيانات اللازمه لتطبيق الدراسه وتقييم البرنامج. تحليل النتائج بين انه بإستخدام المحاكاه العديد من المشاكل يمكن حلها بطريقه سهله وسريعه ، وإستخدام المحاكاه يعطى المستخدم مرونه لإيجاد الحل المناسب من خلال وضع بدائل مختلفه والحصول على نتائج مختلفه والتى تعطى المستخدم القدره على تقييم النتاج واتخاد القرار الصحيح . Abstract One of the objectives of Petroleum Engineers is to maintain efficient production throughout the lifetime of the wells. This may be achieved by applying different Artificial Lift Methods adding extra energy to assist reservoir energy in order to obtain better production rates.[15]. The most common artificial lift methods used are Electrical Submersible Pump and Gas Lift.Gas Lift and Electrical Submersible Pump can be used in wells that produce low flow rates and don’t give an optimal profit to the company. Both methods will give high flow rate and maximize the profit but the choice is difficult and the manager or engineer will take long time to make a study and find the suitable one. Simulation methods can be used now in helping the decision makers to choose the suitable method that gives high production rate that means high productivity and more profit. Also using simulation will reduce the time needed to make a study.In this study simulation software program was made for Electrical submersible pump and Gas lift to find the suitable one dependent on equipment runs life, cost, profit, maximum production rate and productivity, the data collected for the program form REDA oil company. The program could used to evaluate the existing Electrical submersible pump or Gas lift in the well.Eni oil company provided the designer with data for a well to apply as case study and evaluate the program The analysis of the study shows that by the simulation lots of problems can be solved in an easy and faster way and using simulation give the decision makers or the users a flexible way to create a solution by putting many assumption and having many solutions that give him the ability to evaluate the results and make the right decision.
سمية أبوبكر أبوسنينة (2010)

Reclaimed asphalt pavement is used as an aggregate in the cold recycling of asphalt paving mixtures. The more common method involves a process in which the asphalt pavement is recycled in-place (cold in-place recycling), CIPR. Where the reclaimed asphalt pavement is combined without heat with foamed bitumen and cement and mixed at the pavement site, at full- depth to produce a new cold mix end product. There are no universally accepted structural coefficient values for cold in-place recycled mixes (CIPR). Even though, the structural capacity of CIPR mixes considered equal to that of conventional cold mix paving material, it is not the structural is equivalent to hot mix asphalt (HMA), but is superior to gravel or crushed stone base course. The structural layer coefficient is used to calculate the structure number (SN) needed for the design of layer thicknesses. In this study, the maximum vertical compressive strain on the top of the subgrade layer was used to calculate the equivalency factor and the structural coefficient. By using the KENLAYER; the elastic layered program, the subgrade compressive strains were calculated for the typical pavement system commonly used for the major highways in Libya to get the thickness of FDR layer that would give the same compressive strain as six inches (150 mm) HMA. The thickness equivalency was taken as the ratio of the thickness of the FDR layer to that of the HMA layer of six-inch (150 mm). This was done for different FDR modulus values and different mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) which imply different resilient modulus values of HMA. As a result a relationship was developed between FDR modulus and FDR structural coefficient for various MAATs which are considered as the upper bound structural coefficient values. The conservative equation: MR= 30,000(ai/0.14)3 is considered as the lower bound values of structural coefficient. A reasonable single structural coefficient value could be specified within the specified range based on the levels of experience and quality control. A case study is used to verify the developed procedure for the design of pavement structural systems with FDR layers. arabic 7 English 51
Haifa Ali Ragab Abuhaliga(9-2014)

The behaviour of concrete, whether fresh or hardened, depends basically on the behaviour of its components and the relationship between them, therefore, obtaining a concrete with certain properties depends fundamentally on the concrete mix design. Concrete mix design generally includes two main steps: 1-Selection of the main components suitable for the concrete (cement, aggregate, water, and additives); 2-Determination of more economical mix ratios to fulfil the workability, strength and efficiency requirements. Currently, there are many international methods locally approved for mix designs. They are all related to each other, they give relatively the same quantities of the mix components and they are all capable of providing a good concrete mix. It is important to consider that these methods give approximate quantities which should be checked by experimental mixes in order to obtain results suitable for the requirements of the local environment and local materials. The ACI and BS methods are the most commonly used. Both of these methods depend on graphs and standard tables derived from previous research experience and actual concrete production as well as studies of the properties of the materials used. This paper illustrates a new approach for concrete mix design named as: “Double Coating Method”, which is currently used in some research centers in the republic of Poland and was recently applied in the laboratories of the Civil Engineering Departments in the Universities of Tripoli and Benghazi in Libya. This paper describes experiment in which 24 mixtures were used to assess the usefulness of this technique for problem of proportioning concrete mixtures in general. arabic 5 English 37
Hakim S. Abdelgader (12-2020)