يوجه هذا الكتاب محتواه العلمي إلى جميع المهتمين من المختصين وغير المختصين بإدارة الأعمال ونشأتها وتطورها التاريخي، كما يعرج بشيء من التفصيل على المبادئ والأسس التي تقوم عليها عملية إدارة الأعمال، وأهم المفاهيم والمصطلحات والتعابير التي تصف وتستخدم في إطار إدارة الأعمال، فكان لوظائف إدارة الأعمال حضوراً لافتاً وسرداً مطولاً كونها أحد ركائز الأعمال، ولم يغفل الاتجاهات الحديثة والأفكار المتجددة التي تدور في فلك الأعمال ويستعان بها على إدارتها.
عبد الرزاق رمضان علي شبشابة(1-2022)

The Arab countries face a dilemma that reflects the conditions imposed by the Euro-Arab partnership agreement on the one hand and the conditions of the World Trade Organization on the other hand. While the conditions of the Euro-Arab agreements are multidimensional in character, the WTO imposes economic conditions. arabic 19 English 115
Mustafa A. A. Kashiem(1-2003)

Nowadays, the ‘Circular Economy’ (CE) is a modern topic that benefits business, society, and the environment. So far, the application of the CE has been restricted to certain areas that do not include the field of Information System development. From this point of view, the ‘community source’ model can be considered as an area to investigate the practices of the CE in Information System development. The community source model is a new model in software development that is intermediate between two well-known models (closed and open source systems). The practices of the CE found in projects that follow the community source model is then a potential area of scientific interest. A project was launched to comprehensively analyse this phenomenon. This paper presents the results of the preliminary study to initially explore the CE practices in community source projects. During the fieldwork, community source projects in EU countries were surveyed. The preliminary study concluded that practices such as recycling and resource-sharing are those that can arguably be found in these projects. As a term, a new kind of material has emerged, ‘soft material’ along with the typical kinds of material previously identified in the CE, namely biological and technical materials. The paper also briefly discusses the strategy of circular community in dealing with e-waste management. arabic 12 English 71
TAREQ SALAHI ALSAGHEER ALMIGHEERBI(1-2020)