This paper focuses on chaos and unforeseen uncertainty to establish a link between these practices and how to manage them. The paper aims to propose constructive ways of dealing with the complexities arising due to chaotic situations and unforeseen uncertainty in a project management environment. This can hence lead to wider awareness and development of the skills and competencies required to evolve project management into complex adaptive systems “Chaos is inevitable. In the sense that perturbation is evolutionary, it's also desirable .But managing it is essential. It's no use for any of us to hope that someone else will do it. Do you have your own personal strategies in place?”(Brinkworth, C. P. 2006). Chaos means that strategies go wildly astray. It is often associated with missed deadlines, understaffing, runaway costs, and similar situations generally considered negative. Under these circumstances “Chaos” describes a situation where the goals of a strategy are unachievable and therefore the outcomes become random, unpredictable and often undesirable. This is exemplified in a recent E-mail message by Bill Ford to all of Ford Motor’s employees saying: "The business model that sustained us for decades is no longer sufficient to sustain profitability." Geoffrey Colvin, senior editor at Fortune magazine, analyzes Ford’s problems in his article “Managing in Chaos” (Colvin, 2006). Projects with major sources of foreseen uncertainty, project managers must first identify events that could affect the project. The task could be as simple as making a list of risks or opportunities and identifying different courses of action to deal with events as they materialize. Although critical-path methods are still good for handling complexity, there also must be some way to represent the potential influence of foreseen uncertainties. The decision tree — a graphic that helps managers to consider and communicate the effects of early decisions on later uncertainties and thus on later decisions — is a useful approach. Each branch of the tree represents a contingency plan for a major foreseen uncertainty. To track projects featuring unforeseen uncertainty, teams must monitor not only which activities are complete, but also which branch of the decision tree has materialized. The manager shifts from master scheduler and trouble shooter to reactive consolidator of what the team has achieved so far. With unforeseen uncertainty, managers must ensure all parties know the contingencies and, from the project’s outset, buy into the alternative plans and outcomes. During the project, managers must constantly monitor all risks and communicate them to stakeholders.
Abdurrezagh Ramadan Ali Shabshaba(3-2014)

Abstract The internal auditing concept developed from being a profession for auditing financial accounts of the institution to become a profession that supplies the administration will all information and advice that serve the aims of institution. As a result of paying attention to environment in recent years, the issue of preserving environment has become one of the basic issues which have great oftentimes. In addition, the environmental auditing has become one of the important factors in the system of taking care of environment because it shares in avoiding penalties and fines that may encounter as a result of violating environmental laws and criteria by the institution.Accordingly, the researcher chose the study subject which is represented by study mg the way of developing the internal auditing office to play its role in auditing the environmental performance of the institution. Consequently, this performance of the institution. Consequently, this matter necessitates that the internal auditing office should audit the environmental performance of the institution to generate more comprehensive view on the probable environmental risks at the institution level.
عبد الحميد عاشور محمد المجدوب (2011)

تكمن مشكلة الدراسة في مدى استخدام سوق الأوراق المالية الليبي للمعلومات، وكذلك مدى استخدام الشركات المدرجة في هذا السوق لوسائل الإفصاح والشفافيةوتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على نقاط القوة والضعف في سوق الأوراق المالية الليبي وكذلك الوقوف على مدى تطبيقه لنظام التداول الإلكتروني وتم استخدام أسلوب المسح الشامل في هذه الدراسة حيث تمثل مجتمع الدراسة في الموظفون الإداريون في سوق الأوراق المالية حيث كان عددهم 85 موظف. كما استخدم المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي كمنهجين لهذه الدراسة. كما اعتمدت الدراسة على الفرضيات التالية:الفرضية الرئيسية: توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين تدفق المعلومات و أداء سوق الأوراق المالية الليبي.الفرضية الفرعية الأولى: قلة استخدام وتوفر المعلومات بسوق الأوراق المالية الليبي.الفرضية الفرعية الثانية: تدني أداء عمليات التداول بسوق الأوراق المالية الليبي Abstract The research problem relies on to what extent Libyan stock market uses information and to what extent the listed companies in the market uses the transparency techniques.The aim of this study is to highlight the strength and weaknesses in the Libyan stock market and evaluating the implementation of the electronic trading system.A survey was distributed to total population of 85 people from the Libyan stock market administrative employees. As a research methodology, this study used triangulation approach which combines quantitative and qualitative approaches.However, the main hypothesis of this study can be listed as follows:First hypothesis: there is static relation between information flow and Libyan stock market performance.First sub-hypothesis: lack of using information in the Libyan stock market.Second sub-hypothesis: decreased performance of exchange transactions in the Libyan stock market.The research found some interesting results which include:- Lack of revising the work being - Decrease level of Libyan stock market performance. This was resulted by:- Weak organisation of the major and minor market. - Total relies on stocks in doing the exchange and lack of registered companies in the market.To conclude, the study draw some recommendations, such as: - Attention should be paid to using and revising information when needed. - Implementing disclosure and transparency principles in the market and forcing the registered companies to do this.- the introduction of other securities traded in the market, as well as increasing their number.- Linking the Libyan stock market with other stock markets and adapting efficient reliable information system.
جمال خالد محمد نمرود (2011)