Digital Repository for Faculty of Science

Abstract

The permittivities and dielectric losses of 2-Piperedone, -Caprolactam, 2-Azacyclooctanone and 2-Azacyclononanone have been studied in chloroform solutions. They have been measured using Q meter at frequency range 150KHz to 15MHz.Both 2-Piperedone and -Caprolactam solutions were studied at concentration range 0.05 to 0.25M and over temperatures range of -10 to 45 and. The dielectric studies of 2-Azacyclooctanone solutions cover a concentration range 0.05 to 0.125M and over temperature range of -10 to 45, while that of 2-Azacyclononanone solutions were studied at concentration range 0.01 to 0.075M and over temperature range of -10 to 45. The permittivities at higher concentrated solutions up to 1.5M of 2-Pipere-done, -Caprolactam and 2-Azacyclononanone were also measured at 2MHz using dipole meter DM01 over the temperature rang -10 to 45.The static permittivities for the four systems were discussed as the affect concentration, temperature and the number of CH2 group in the cyclic amides. All show normal behaviour except that the CH2 does not show clear affect. Single relaxation process were observed for the studied compound in the chloroform solutions ( =10-9 sec). All cases, the presence of a relaxation process was established at frequencies higher than used here. These relaxation processes were discussed in terms of their relation to concentration and the number of CH2 group. The dielectric activation energies were calculated using Eyring equation. The obtained values were discussed also in terms of concentration affect. A dependence of on concentration was observed. The dipole moments for the four studied compounds in solutions were evaluated using of Cole-Cole a semicircle plots, which considered to be associated with the relaxation process and other dipole moments were evaluated using =. This was assigned as an apparent dipole moment. All these dipole moments were discussed in terms of concentration and temperature affect. The obtained dipole moments in all studied case were much larger than those expected for planer dimers association. So they assigned to the presence of dimers and trimer or tetramers association in the studied solutions.Kirkwood correlation factor for the studied systems were calculated and discussed as a function of concentration. All values of g are less than unity and were assigned to a cyclic association form.
لطفية صادق حسن المجدوب (2010)

Abstract

The Sarir Sandstone in Messla Oil Field are of Lower Cretaceous ageAptian Alpian and occur in the subsurface of the eastern part of the Messla high in the southeast Sirt Basin. The Sarir Sandstone interpret as fluvial and alluvial fan deposits whereas the Lower Sarir Sandstone were deposited in a braided system as inter-channel bars. The Upper Sarir Sandstone were deposited in the meandering belt of the fluvial system. The Sarir Sandstone is on-lapping Formation and wedge out against Rakb Group. The Sarir Sandstone is unconformable overlies the Pre-Cambrian Basement and unconformable overlain by the Upper-Cretaceous Rakb Group where it is pinching (wedging) out against the Bald Basement; Messla High)). Lithostratigraphic correlations of borehole logs ((well logs)) in concession 65 suggests that deposits gradually downed a fault controlled topographic surface increased in thickness on the down-thrown side of a fault controlled the topographic surface of Pre-Upper Cretaceous Unconformity. IV M. Sc. Hassin Haweel “Sedimentological Aspects of the Sarir Sandstone in Messla Oil Field”, 2015 Core Samples record mainly sandstone units interbedded with sandstone and shale and minor streaks and the Red Shale Unit. Estimation of depositional environment has thus been made from grain size analyses using thin sections. Petrographic studies show that the Sarir Sandstone in composition from (subarkose to arkosic arenite). The Sandstones range from texturally immature to submature, however, much of the clay content is diagenetic in origin and not a function of the depositional regime. Diagenetic studies reveal a gnite complex paragenesis. During early diagenesis, the Sarir Sandstones were modified by Calcite, dolomite, and locally pyrite, diagenesis process; replacements of corroded silica by carbonates. Cementation fluvial sandstones Intrastratal dissolution and precipitation of kaolinite in the resulting pore space. Deformation of micas between more resistant grainy pre-dates one phase of quartz overgrowth, probably the carbonates.The purpose of this study was to investigate in detail the characteristics of the Sarir Sandstone in Messla Oil Field. Another aim was to find out the relation to the adjacent area. The method of this study was conducted with the review of the previousworks in Messla Oil Field; published papers, the open file of the Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO), well files for the data to be used in constructing maps, cross sections and profiles. Four cored wells (418 feet) V M. Sc. Hassin Haweel “Sedimentological Aspects of the Sarir Sandstone in Messla Oil Field”, 2015 were used for the core descriptions and cut samples that represent the Sarir Sandstone and (130) thin sections were used for the Petrographic analysis with polarized and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). On the other hand, XRD and XRF were not available. The results of the study were: Subsurface investigations including cores (conventional and side walls), petrographic analysis, and wire-line logs suggested that this formation (Sarir Sandstone) can be divided in to three main units in Messla Oil Field; these units are: The Lower Sarir Sandstone, the Red Shale, and the Upper Sarir Sandstone. In the adjacent area Sarir Formation was divided in to five members; Pre-Upper Cretaceous Member-1 unconformably overlying Pre-Cambrian Basement, and upwards; Member 2, Member 3, Member 4, and Member 5 unconformably overlain by Rakb Group. The Lower Sarir Sandstone in Messla Oil Field is characterized by the presence of gravely sandstone, gradually changes in to the Red Shale. Also, from the core descriptions plotted sheets, and the well logs it is finning upwards. The quarzitic sandstones of (the Lower and the Upper Sarir Sandstones) are considered to be the main producing horizons where quartz grains have undergone a complex diagenetic history, including: Authigenesis, quartz and feldspar overgrowths, dissolution, carbonates cementation, and replacement. The principal conclusion was that: the gravelly sandstone unit at the Lower part of the Lower Sarir Sandstone was deposited, most likely in a braided system as inter-channel bars. The sandstone unit of the Upper Sarir VI M. Sc. Hassin Haweel “Sedimentological Aspects of the Sarir Sandstone in Messla Oil Field”, 2015 Sandstone was deposited in the meandering belt of the fluvial system. The shale facies of the Red Shale unit represents a well-developed break between the Lower Sarir Sandstone and Upper Sarir Sandstone units; it also provides a good seal for the underlying sandstone of the Lower Sarir Sandstone. The nature of the shale facies, (i.e. lack of organic content, and presence of oxidizing conditions indicated by iron oxides color, indicate that they are not a significant source of hydrocarbons. On the other hand, the Rakb Shale isthe only source rock in the studied and adjacent areas.
حسين محمد علي حويل (2015)

Abstract

The search for a reliable source of energy has been a challanging task to manking while conventional energy resorces are diminishing nuclear fusion, especially laser fusion, promises to be the source of the future. Experimental costs in laser fusion are astronomical and computer modeling drastically minimizes such costs and gives a chance for less fortunate Gauntries to gain insight into the scientific and technical aspects of the subject since a large portion of information involved is classified. This work deals with the spatial and temporal evolution of the laser fusion produced by different laser pulses It is based on a computer code called MEDUSA which takes into account the variation in the wavelength, power density pulse duration, target geometry and material. It assumes a target which is divided into 20 cells each of 24 urn width. Inverse-Bremsstrahlung and resonance absorption are the two main mechanisms responsible for absorption of energy from the incident laser pulse. Fusion takes place in the plasma as a result of ablation of the plasma corona where the formed shock waves compress the plasma cells and heat them. The rate of energy deposited into and radiated from the plasma ,which causes variation of the plasma internal energy, is expressed by the energy equation. This equation is transformed into a finite difference form and solved by Gauss Elimination Method to calculate the plasma parameters such as electron(T e) and ion ternperatures(Ti), pressure(P) and density(p) and the different processes of energy absorption and losses. The temporal evolution of these parameters is studied through the divisions of the pulse into chosen time steps at which the evolution is clear. The results have shown that by increasing laser power the energy deposited into and radiated from the plasma increases. The electron and ion temperatures the plasma pressure and density also increase. This is because of the geadual propagation of the shock wave from the surface of the pellet towards its center causing compression of the plasma cells. The optimum value of such parameters are obtained close to the end of the pulse where the incident laser power is maximum and so as the energy deposited into the plasma center where heating and compression causes the consumption of the whole target After the end of the pulse duration, the plasma cells coordinates expand and the plasma parameters decrease, a process known as diminishing of the plasma The effect of the laser parameters of four diffterent lasers namely CO2, KrF, Nd-glass and Ruby of 5ns, 15ns and 45ns pulse duration was studied. It was found that: (1) the maximum value of the plasma parameters decrease by increasing the pulse duration of a certain power and wavelength, (2) the maximum value of the plasma parameters increase by increasing the wavelength because of increasing the energy deposited into the plasma by resonance absorption process. At the optimum implosion time, the plasma parameters show a strong spatial variation. However, a strong temporal variation of the plasma parameters was observed at the pellet center.
هناء محمد حسن موسي (1994)

Abstract

The Sirt Basin is one of the youngest sedimentary basins in Libya and covers an area of approximately 600.000 km² in north central Libya. It is located on the northern margin of the African plate, with approximate coordinates 14°00`- 20°00`E and 28°00`-31°00`N. The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous as Sarir Sandstone in the Sirt Basin evolved as a consequence of the interplay between global eustasy and regional tectonics. As Sarir Sandstone of the eastern Sirt Basin is composed mainly of sandstones and shales resting unconformably on a basement complex of igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is unconformably overlain by the Upper Cretaceous sediments of Maragh, Lidam and Etel formations. It has been subdivided into three members. The upper member consists mainly of sandstones with intercalations of siltstones and shales of variable thickness. The middle member consists of shale and silty shale. The basal part of the formation, which rests directly on the crystalline basement represents the lower member. It is comprised of sandstone with subordinate intercalations of siltstones and shale. Two main facies have been recognized on the basis of lithological features and types of stratifications: which consist mainly of shale and intercalation of silt and sand. The Middle Shale Member consists mainly of shallow lake deposits, containing black shale facies. Continental Fluvial Deposits represent most of the cored interval and it belongs to the Upper as Sarir Sandstone. These facies have been subdivided into braided and meandering lithofacies: The braided depositional system, has been recognized in three different intervals of the studied cores; classified as subfacies (1), subfacies (2) and subfacies (3). The meandering depositional system, represents three sub-environments including point bars, abandoned channels and over-bank deposits. The reservoir characteristics of these sediments are studied on the basis of porosity, permeability and reservoir zonation. The reservoir quality of As Sarir Formation is largely controlled by primary sedimentary features associations, which were shaped by the depositional environments. Meandering Lithofacies are formed from continuous sand successions and show good porosities, up to 18.51%, and permeabilities up to 125.5mD. The Braided Lithofacies also show good reservoir quality, but the effective porosity and permeability are lower, because of associated shales. The most important diagenetic features responsible for a reduction in reservoir quality are those resulting from compaction, cementation, and the diagenesis of clay minerals.
صلاح الدين محمد الوحيشي (2014)

Abstract

The study area is located in and around Umm Ar Razam village, about 50 Km east of Darnah city, north-eastern Libya. In this study many claystone sections were studied. These claystones belong to the lowermost part of Al Faidiyah formation of Upper Oligocene – Lower Miocene age. The studied sections consist of claystone beds ranging in thickness about 10 meters. These bentonitic clays are generally grey to greenish grey in colour, with popcorn – like appearance. They have a waxy character and are exposed sporadically in this area as isolated outcrops. They might be deposited in lagoonal, lacustrine or shallow marine environment. The main purpose of this thesis is to study the origin and to evaluate the Umm Ar Razam bentonitic clays. For example, lithology, mineralogy, the chemical composition, crystal forms and habits, physical properties, industrial uses and treatment will be investigated. The Results showed that these clays consist of the minerals Na- montmorillonite, Kaolinite, and Illite. Non – clay minerals includes quartz, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, muscovite, rutile, sanidine, and tridymite. Moreover, clay mineral fraction studies using the different techniques showed that these bentonitic clays were formed due to in situ alteration of volcanic ash in subaquous environment. Evidences for such an occurrence include mineralogical evidence as the existence of high temperature minerals as sanidine, rutile, and tridymite. The existence of unaltered volcanic ash as seen from SEM photomicrographs also supports this origin. Furthermore, XRF results showed downward depletion of silica right below these bentonitic clays 6 in calcarenite beds of Al Abraq formation. XRF results also showed that the Umm Ar Razam bentonites are in accordance with the American bentonites and the parent material of such bentonites came from basic volcanic ash materials. In addition, the viscosity and the filtration of Umm Ar Razam bentonite is nearly identical with the international bentonite by adding (Soda Ash) and (Na2 SiO3 ) with special treatment method. The cost of the Enhanced Umm Ar Razam bentonite is less than of the imported bentonite cost. Based on the physical and chemical properties these bentonites can be used in many industries especially as building materials and drilling fluids.
فيصل عياد أبو سهمين (2009)

Abstract

This study is to identify some mutations in exons 23, 24, 26 A+B, and 26 A of the factor VIII gene that causes hemophilia A among Libyan patients. Forty-three patients (40 males, 3 females), 10 carrier, and 10 control (8 males, 2 females) were enrolled in this study. The total number were 63 samples for each exon. Blood samples were collected from Libyan patients (Department of Paediatric Hematology, Tripoli Medical Center), and kept in freezer at -20 Cº. The blood samples were transported to DNA laboratory in the Genetic Engineering Department and Human Tissues Department Biotechnology Research Center, Twesha- Libya. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and DNA was visualized by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, and DNA concentration was measured by Spectrophotometer. DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Mutations were identified by restriction enzymes Taq I and Xba I. Taq I was used to detect nonsense mutations in Exon 23, 2147 [ Arg Stop codon (Term)], Exon 24, 2209 [ Arg Stop codon (Term)], and Exon 26 A+B, 2307 [ Arg Stop codon (Term)]. Our result showed no mutations were detected by using restriction enzyme Taq I in Exons 23, codon 2147, Exon 24, codon 2209, and Exon 26A+B, codon 2307. But by using restriction enzyme Xba I, we found six insertion mutations in Exon 26A, 3919 (ins GA) 11.3 % of 53 patients, and two partial deletion mutations in Exon 23 (3.8 % of 53 patients) refer to area failed to be amplified by PCR.
نادية نور الدين الصربوط (2010)

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the exposure of lead (Pb) to some workers in Ash-Shoula lead acid battery Factory, Tajoura, Libya on the basis of concentrations of Pb in blood, hair, and nails. This study was done to explain, if accumulation of Pb could affect the concentration of essential liver enzymes, renal excretion, and some of hematological parameters. Study samples were based on, the number of years of work in battery manufactory, six work periods were constituted (< 5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, >25 years). Workers were selected from seven different departments of the battery manufactory. Pb concentration in the collected samples were measured by using atomic absorption Spectroscopy. The statistical analysis were performed using SPSS software, version 20. The parametric tests (one-way ANOVA, t-test, and 2-tailed person Correlations) where P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.Blood lead level was found high ranging from 9.9-60.3 μg/dl with a mean of 25.3 μg/dl and was found to be less in control group, ranging from 2.5-24.6 μg/dl with a mean of 11.8 μg/dl. The values of hair lead level were found to be ranging from 8.2-36.8 μg/g, with a mean of 21.1 μg/g and this was significantly higher than the control group (P
يوسف مسعود العزابي (2015)

آجريت هذه الدراسة خلال الفترة من 2009-2010 ف بمختبرات زراعة الأنسجة النباتية بكل من مركز بحوث التقنيات الحيوية وقسم البستنة وقسم علم النبات – جامعة الفاتح بالتعاون مع مركز البحوث الزراعية، وتهدف إلى المحافظة على نبات بلح الصحراء aegyptiaca(L) Del. Balanites المهدد بالانقراض من البيئة الليبية باستعمال تقنية زراعة الأنسجة. جمعت العينات من أغصان وبذور أشجار بلح الصحراء البرية النامية بالأودية الصحراوية حول واحة غات خلال موسم الشتاء لسنة 2009 ف، حيث تمت دراسة سكون البذور واختبار حيويتها. كما تم دراسة عدة مسارات للاكثار الدقيق شملت الإكثار غير المباشر للنبات عن طريق تكوين خلايا الكلس، ومسار التكشف المباشر للنبات تحت تأثير أنواع وتراكيز مختلفة من منظمات النمو.بينت النتائج أن نسبة حيوية البذور تراوحت بين 88-90%، وأن بذور هذا النبات تمُر بمرحلتين من السكون، السكون الخارجى والداخلي. وكانت المعاملة الأفضل للتغلب على السكون الخارجى هي الكسر الميكانيكي للقشرة الداخلية للثمرة ونزع البذور منها، كما تم كسر السكون الداخلي بزراعة البذور على وسط مغذى MS مدعم بمنظم النمو حامض الجبرلين بتركيز 2 ملجم/لتر، ونتج عن تلك المعاملات نسبة انبات وصلت الى 90%.كما تناولت هذه الدراسة تأثير نوع المستأصل على نسبة ووزن خلايا الكلس المتكونة منها، حيث كانت أعلى نسبة استجابة لتكوين خلايا الكلس قد وقعت من مستأصلات الأوراق المزروعة على وسط MS مضاف إليه 2 ملجم/لتر من منظم النمو (2,4-D) 2,4 Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid، حيث وصلت نسبة الاستجابة إلى 100%، بينما سجلت مستأصلات الفلقات أعلى متوسط وزن لخلايا الكلس وبلغت 1.98جم، كما أوضحت الدراسة أن بعض قمم الجذور التي حضّنت في الظلام على وسط MS خالٍ من منظمات النمو تكشفت مباشرة إلى أفرخ نسيجية.أوضحت نتائج الدراسة أن أفضل تأثير لمنظم النمو بنزايل آدينين على التكشف المباشر لمستأصلات من الجذور كان عند تركيز 0.5 ملجم/لتر بالنسبة لعدد الأفرخ وطولها وعدد الأوراق المتكونة والذي بلغ 1.66 فرخ ، 1.38سم ، 1.47 ورقة على التوالى. كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أن زراعة العقد المفردة على وسط مغذي يحتوي على تركيز 0.5 ملجم/لتر من منظم النموBezyl Adenine (BA) قد أظهر أعلى متوسط لعدد الأفرخ وطولها حيث بلغت 2.90 فرخ، 5.15 سم على التوالى، بينما كان أعلى متوسط لعدد الأوراق قد نتج عند تركيز 1 ملجم/لتر بعدد 15.75 ورقة. أما بالنسبة لتأثير منظم النمو كاينتن على تكشّف العقد المفردة، فقد أظهر تركيز 1.5 ملجم/لتر منه أعلى متوسط لعدد الأفرخ وطولها وعدد الأوراق المتكوّنة والذي بلغ 2.50 فرخ، 3.25 سم، 14.7 ورقة على التوالي. كما بينت نتائج التجذير أن زراعة أفرخ نبات بلح الصحراء على نصف تركيز الوسط Murashig & Skoog (MS) قد أظهرت أعلى نسبة تجذير حيث بلغت 100%، كما وصلت نسبة بقاء النبيتات حية بعد فترة الأقلمة إلى 80% تحت ظروف صوبة بلاستيكية بدون تحكم في العوامل البيئية.

Abstract

This study was carried out during 2009-2010 in plant tissue culture laboratories of Biotechnology Research Centre and Laboratories in Al-Fatah University in departments of Botany and Horticulture with cooperation of the the Agricultural Research Centre. The aim of the study was the conservation through micropropagation of the plant species Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del which is facing extinction from the Libya desert habitat. Samples including branches and seeds of wild Balanites aegyptiaca were collected from plants growing desert valleys around the oasis of Ghat during winter, 2009. Seed dormancy and viability were tested as well as some of the micropropagation methods including indirect micropropagation by formation of callus cells and direct micropropagation under the effect of several concentrations of a number of plant growth regulators.The results showed that the seed viability was between 88 and 90%, moreover, the seeds were under two dormancy stages, internal and external. The best treatment to overcome the external dormancy was through getting the seeds out of the endocarp by a mechanical treatment. The internal dormancy, however; was overcome by cultivating the seeds on MS medium supported by Gibberellic Acid at a concentration of (2 mg/L); this treatment revealed a germination percent of 90%.This study also included the effect of the type of explant on response percentage and weight of the callus cells formed. The highest percentage of callus cells formed was obtained from leaf explants cultured on MS medium containing 2, 4-D in a concentration of (2 mg/L), where the response was 100%. Cotyledon explants recorded highest callus cells of mean weight of (1.979 g) per callus. This study also has illustrated that some of the root tips incubated in dark at MS medium free of plant regulators have directly differentiated into shoots. The results of this study have demonstrated that the best effect of Benzyl adenine (BA) plant regulator on direct differentiation of root explants was at 0.5mg/L for all the three studied parameter; which were the mean of shoot number (1.66), mean of shoot length (1.38 cm) and mean of number of formed leaves (1.47). The results of the culture of single node on MS medium containing BA (0.5mg/L) have shown that the highest mean of shoot number and shoot length were 2.9 shoots and 5.15 cm in length. Whereas, the highest mean of number of leaves (15.75 leaves) was recorded when 1mg/L of BA was used. The effect of Kinetin (Kin) on differentiation of single nodes revealed that the concentration of 1.5 mg/L has produced the highest mean of shoot number (2.5 shoots), shoot length (3.25 cm) and leave number (14.7 leaves), Results have also revealed that the rooting percentage wqs 100% when using ½ MS (Murashig & Skoog). Survival percentage of plantlets has reached 80% under a plstic green house with no control of the environmental conditions.A summary of the best micropropagation protocol of treatments from fruit (seeds) to acclimated plantlets is illustrated in Figure (31).
زينب جمعة الدائخ (2011)