Digital Repository for University of Tripoli

Free space optical (FSO) communication is a promising solution to deliver the last mile communication and to guarantee a high data rate. However, the performance of FSO links can be significantly degraded by adverse weather conditions. Recently, machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have emerged for robust prediction to optimize the network performance. In this work, the Quality factor (Q) of FSO systems is estimated by means of four MLA models, namely, multi-linear regression, support vector regression, decision tree regression, and random forest regression. The synthetic data is used for training and testing these MLAs models, and several atmosphere conditions are considered with multiple transceivers FSO link system. The results of decision tree and random forest models demonstrated high coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and low mean square error (MSE) as compared to the other models.
Amal A. Algedir, Taissir Y. Elganimi(10-2020)

A multi-relay cooperative diversity protocol based on the concept of Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM) scheme is proposed in this paper, assuming that decode-and-forward relaying protocol is adopted at relays. This scheme is referred to as Distributed Generalized Spatial Modulation (DGSM) with activating more than one relay. The system performance of the proposed diversity protocol in terms of the Symbol Error Rate (SER) is evaluated and compared to the performance of GSM and Distributed Spatial Modulation (DSM) schemes. Simulation results show that DGSM systems with activating more than one relay perform almost the same as DSM systems for the same spectral efficiency. It is also demonstrated that a performance enhancement of about 3 dB is achieved over GSM schemes for the same modulation order, which increases the energy efficiency and the reachability using the proposed model. Therefore, the proposed scheme can be effectively used in various 5G wireless networks.
Taissir Y. Elganimi, Fatima I. Alwerfly, Akram A. Marseet(10-2020)

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems with limited Radio Frequency (RF) chains play a pivotal role in the Fifth Generation (5G) of wireless networks. However, the transmitter of Generalized Spatial Modulation MIMO (GSM-MIMO) systems that characterized by a single RF chain and multiple active antennas is capable of reducing both the energy consumption and the transmitter cost. In this paper, combining GSM-MIMO systems with the fully digital Geometric Mean Decomposition (GMD)-based precoding scheme and Analog Beamforming (ABF) into Hybrid Beamforming (HBF) regime is presented for Millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems which is a key enabler for 5G networks. In addition, applying the norm-based user selection algorithm in GSM-MIMO scheme with GMD-based hybrid precoding is proposed, and referred to as Multiuser Steered GSM-MIMO (MUS-GSM-MIMO) scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes are capable of achieving considerable performance gains over the conventional GSM-MIMO schemes, while avoiding the overwhelming costs of multiple RF chains. Therefore, the proposed schemes are very efficient and highly suitable for large-scale and 5G wireless networks.
Taissir Y. Elganimi, Amani A. Aturki(9-2020)

In this paper, a customized Auto-Encoder Complex Valued Convolutional Neural Network (AE-CV-CNN) that has been developed in a prior work is applied to Single Symbol Generalized Spatial Modulation (SS-GSM) scheme with new extracted features. The achieved reductions in the computational complexity at the receiver is at least 63.64% for M-PSK schemes compared to the complexity of Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection algorithm. This Fast detection algorithm is based on a proposed Low Complexity ML (LC-ML) detector that affords a complexity reduction of at least 40.91%. With these proposed algorithms, the complexity is reduced as the spatial constellation size increases. Furthermore, in comparison to other sub optimal detection algorithms, the computational complexity in terms of real valued multiplications of the AE-CV-CNN applied to LC-ML is independent of the spatial spectrum efficiency which means that the total spectrum efficiency increases with larger spatial constellation size at no additional complexity.
Akram A. Marseet , Taissir Y. Elganimi(10-2019)

In this paper, imposing the Hadamard Transform (HDT) on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBC) schemes using multiple transmit antennas is proposed in order to increase the reliability and improve the error performance of wireless communications. It is referred to as joint Hadamard transform and OSTBC schemes with multiple transmit antennas. However, HDT is used to change the location of constellation points by converting the transmit symbols of OSTBC system, and hence extending the Euclidean distance between transmit symbols for a precise detection. Simulation results demonstrated that increasing the number of transmit antennas in OSTBC systems employing 8-PSK improves the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance as in the case of OSTBC 2×2 scheme where an SNR of about 13.5 dB is required to achieve a BER of 〖10〗^(-6), while only about 7 dB in OSTBC 8×8 scheme is required to obtain the same error probability. It is also demonstrated that imposing the Hadamard criteria on the OSTBC 2×2, 4×4, and 8×8 schemes has showed a performance improvement of about 3 dB, 6 dB and 9 dB, respectively, as compared to the conventional OSTBC systems.
Taissir Y. Elganimi, Marwan B. Elkhoja(4-2019)

Transmit Antenna Selection using Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (TAS-OSTBC) aided Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is proposed in this paper. The TAS transmitter is characterized by a lower number of Radio Frequency (RF) chains than the number of transmit antennas, hence it is capable of reducing both the energy consumption as well as the transmitter cost. The proposed scheme combines TAS-OSTBC system with Hybrid Analog-Digital Beamforming for 60 GHz mmWave communications and using Hadamard transform. The computer simulation results demonstrate that the TAS-OSTBC scheme with fully digital SVD-based precoding has better Bit Error Rate (BER) performance than that of the conventional TAS system with OSTBC scheme. Furthermore, the error performance is significantly improved by applying Uniform Linear Array (ULA) antennas which improve the system performance as the number of array elements increases due to providing a beamforming gain. It is also found that the BER performance is further improved by applying Hadamard transform with an SNR improvement of about 3dB over the conventional systems without using Hadamard transform.
Taissir Y. Elganimi, Mohammed S. Alshawish, Moustafa M. Abdalla(4-2019)

In this paper, a combination of Space-Time Block Coded Spatial Modulation with Hybrid Analog-Digital Beamforming (STBC-SM-HBF) for Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is proposed in order to take advantage of the merits of Spatial Modulation (SM), Space-Time Block Codes (STBC), Analog Beamforming (ABF), and digital precoding techniques while avoiding their drawbacks. This proposed system benefits from the multiplexing gain of SM, from the transmit diversity gain of STBC, and from the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) gain of the beamformer. The simulation results demonstrate that the Zero Forcing (ZF) and the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) precoded STBC-SM systems have better Bit Error Rate (BER) performance than the precoded SM systems. Moreover, the precoded SM shows a performance degradation compared to STBC-SM system. Furthermore, the BER is significantly improved by employing an array of ABF. In addition, it is demonstrated that a minimum of 2 antenna elements in the proposed scheme of STBC-SM-HBF are required to obtain better BER than that of the conventional SM and STBC-SM systems under the same spectral efficiency of 2 bits/s/Hz.
Taissir Y. Elganimi, Ali A. Elghariani(5-2018)

Joint user selection algorithm and fully digital Geometric Mean Decomposition (GMD)-based precoding scheme is considered in this paper for single Radio Frequency (RF) Space Modulation Techniques (SMTs), namely, Spatial Modulation (SM) and Space Shift Keying (SSK) schemes. The objective is to jointly perform the Frobenius norm-based user selection algorithm and design GMD-based precoded SMTs with single-RF chain in order to reduce the cost and the power consumption in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, and to avoid the complicated bit-allocation problem of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-based precoding technique. Based on these schemes, the GMD-based precoding transmission carried out in the context of a single-user SMTs can readily be extended to the Multi-user (MU) case. Simulation results demonstrate that single-RF SMTs with GMD-based precoding scheme is capable of outperforming SMTs with SVD-based precoding technique. Meanwhile, MU-SMTs with GMD-based precoding scheme provide significant performance gains over the conventional SM- and SSK-MIMO counterparts and single-user SMTs with GMD-based precoding algorithm, which increase the energy efficiency and the reachability using these schemes. Furthermore, better error performance in MU-SMTs with fully digital GMD-based precoding technique is obtained by selecting any number of users. Therefore, MU-SMTs with GMD-based precoding scheme can be effectively used in various 5G wireless networks.
Taissir Y. Elganimi, Feras F. Alfitouri(1-2021)