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ملخص بحث بعنوان طرائق التدريس الأكثر استخداما لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس بقسم رياض الأطفال بكلية التربية قصر بن غشير بجامعة طرابلس فكرة البحث : تشير الأدبيات بأن أساليب التدريس قد مرت بتغيرات وتطورات عديدة عبر العصور ، واثبت العديد من الدراسات السابقة تأثيرها الايجابي على الطلاب والعملية التعليمية ، حيث تهدف طرق التدريس المختلفة إلى إكساب التلاميذ خبرات تربوية مخطط لها مسبقًا ، ومن شأنها أن تزيد مدة احتفاظ الطلاب بالمعلومة ، وتعمل على زيادة قدرة التلاميذ على التفكير العلمي من خلال إتباع أسلوب حل المشكلات ، وزيادة قدرة التلاميذ على العمل الجماعي ، وتحسين قدرة التلاميذ على الابتكار والإبداع ، ومواجهة الفروق الفردية بين التلاميذ ، والتغلب على المشكلات الناتجة من العدد الكبير للتلاميذ في الفصل. وجاءت فكرة هذا البحث من منطلق أهمية الموضوع والبحث في مدى استخدام طرق التدريس الحديثة لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس بقسم رياض الأطفال بكلية التربية قصر بن غشير ، والأساليب الأكثر استخداما منها . مع محاولة التعرف على الصعوبات التي تواجه أعضاء هيئة التدريس بقسم رياض الأطفال في استخدام طرق وأساليب التدريس من وجهة نظرهم . عليه تتحدد مشكلة البحث في التساؤل الرئيس التالي : ما طرق وأساليب التدريس الشائعة التي يستخدمها أعضاء هيئة التدريس في قسم رياض الأطفال بكلية التربية قصر بن غشير ؟ . ويتفرع من هذا السؤال الأسئلة الفرعية التالية : 1. ما أكثر طرق وأساليب التدريس التي يستخدمها أعضاء هيئة التدريس في قسم رياض الأطفال ؟ 2. ما مبررات استخدام أعضاء هيئة التدريس في قسم رياض الأطفال للطرق وأساليب التدريس ؟ 3. ما هي المعوقات التي تواجه أعضاء هيئة التدريس بقسم رياض الأطفال في استخدام طرق وأساليب التدريس من وجهة نظرهم ؟ . أهداف الدراسة - تهدف الدراسة إلى : 1. التعرف على طرق التدريس الشائعة وأساليبه التي يستخدمها أعضاء هيئة التدريس في قسم رياض الأطفال بكلية التربية قصر بن غشير . 2. التعرف على مبررات استخدام أعضاء هيئة التدريس في قسم رياض الأطفال بكلية التربية قصر بن غشير لتلك الطرق والأساليب . 3. التعرف على المعوقات التي تواجه أعضاء هيئة التدريس بقسم رياض الأطفال في استخدام طرق وأساليب التدريس من وجهة نظرهم . أهمية البحث : تكمن أهمية البحث الحالي في الآتي : 1. أهمية تخصص رياض الأطفال والمقررات التي يتم تدريسها . 2. أهمية الطرق وأساليب التدريس التي يستعملها أعضاء هيئة التدريس . 3. يقدم البحث دراسة تقويمية لواقع التدريس في المرحلة الجامعية من حيث طرق وأساليب التدريس بهدف التعرف على الأساليب الشائعة منها في تدريس مقررات قسم رياض الأطفال . 4. الانتقال من تلقي العلم إلى مرحلة التدريس بعد التخرج كمعلمة رياض أطفال يتم فيها تطبيق ما تعلمه من طرق وأساليب تدريس حديثة من أساتذته في الجامعة وهذا من شأنه أن ينعكس على أدائه المهني عند قيامه بعملية التدريس مستقبلاً . منهجية البحث : أعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ، ويجيب عن تساؤلاته ويحقق أهدافه من خلال الدراسات السابقة والأدبيات التي ستجمعهـا الباحثة فـي مجال طرق وأساليب التدريس الحديثة . وأهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث تكمن فيما يلي : 1. أكثر الطرق والأساليب التدريسية استخداماً هي : المحاضرة والحوار والمناقشة وطريقة العصف الذهني والتعليم الذاتي . 2. أقل الطرق والأساليب التدريسية استخداماً هي : الطريقة القياسية ، والتعلم الذاتي . 3. تجنب بعض الطرق والأساليب التدريسية التي تتطلب إعداد مسبق . 4. أهم مبررات استخدام الطرق والأساليب التدريسية هي : مراعاة الفروق الفردية ، وخبرات الطلبة . 5. أكثر المعوقات التي تواجه أعضاء هيئة التدريس بقسم رياض الأطفال في استخدام طرق وأساليب التدريس من وجهة نظرهم هي : قصور في الدورات التدريبية ، وعدم وجود المقابل المعنوي ، وعدم توفر الإمكانيات المادية اللازمة لاستخدام التقنيات الحديثة في التدريس ، وعدم ملائمة القاعات الدراسية لاستخدامها . التوصيات : 1. التنويع في استخدام طرائق التدريس بدلاً من التركيز على طريقة واحدة . 2. إتاحة الفرصة لأعضاء هيئة التدريس لحضور المؤتمرات والندوات العلمية لمواكبة التطور في طرائق التدريس والتقنيات التربوية والتعليمية . 3. التطبيق العملي لمفردات المقرر وتنمية القدرات المهارية لدى الطلاب . 4. عقد دورات تدريبية للاستفادة من كل ما هو جديد في مجال طرائق التدريس . 5. إعداد دليل مصاحب لكل مقرر دراسي يتضمن طرائق التدريس المناسبة لكل موضوع من مواضيع المقرر . 6. تشجيع أساليب ونظم وتقنيات التعليم الحديثة في التدريس خاصة في ظل انتشار الأمراض والأوبئة . المقترحات : إجراء دراسة تحليلية لبعض محتويات المقررات الدراسية بقسم رياض الأطفال والعلاقة بينها وبين التحصيل العلمي لدى طلاب المرحلة الجامعية .
ربيعة أحمد مفتاح البركي, انتصار الهادي ابوبكر شقلب(5-2021)

Modern improvements in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy instrumentation spread out the application of this technique to the field of food research. This study is focused to evaluate the efficiency of FT-IR spectroscopy in order to assess the Libyan virgin olive oil adulteration with cheaper vegetable oils: sunflower oil and corn oil. Taking a closer inspection to different regions of recorded IR spectra of both pure oil sample (virgin olive oil, sun flower oil, corn oil) and their mixture: It is noticed that an absorbance shift was identified at about 3000 cm-1 due to the C-H stretching vibration of the cis-double bond proved to be reliable index for assessing of virgin olive oil adulteration by vegetable oil addition. Also, the absorbance at about 3008 cm-1, characteristic to the oils with a high saturated fatty acids content and short carbohydrate chain, recorded appreciable changes by increasing of vegetable oil percent added in virgin olive oil. Based on the calibration curve (absorbance versus percent of vegetable oil added in virgin olive oil), it is possible to determine the degree of virgin olive oil adulteration. A significant positive correlation for both adulterant oils (R2 > 0.97) at wavenumber 3008.3 cm-1 was observed in our study. Our data demonstrated that FT-IR spectroscopy proved to be a valuable tool to identify the differences recorded in oil samples spectra and finally, to appreciate the degree of virgin olive oil adulteration
Ragiab Ali Mokhtar Issa(1-2018)

In order to study microscopic and macroscopic lesions in chickens infected with low and high doses of Salmonella enteritidis PT 4 (SE), 150 one-day-old White Plymouth Rock chicks were divided into three groups each containing 50 birds. The chickens of the first and second groups were inoculated with 2 x 102 and 2 x 108 cfu of Salmonella, respectively. The chicks of the third group were kept as uninoculated control birds. Five birds from each group were euthanized by cervical dislocation at 6, 12, 18 hours post inoculation (hpi) and then after 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 27 days post inoculation (dpi) and were examined for presence of gross and histological lesions. Catarrhal typhlitis and unabsorbed yolk sac were the most prevalent gross lesions in both groups. Histologically, granulomatous nodules in the caecum were found occasionally in some cases in both inoculated groups. The present study demonstrated that the chickens infected with a low dose of SE showed fewer lesions, which were milder in comparison with the birds inoculated with a high dose of SE. It suggests that chickens were able to capture the pathogen in the low dose group
Abdulatif Asheg(1-2001)

OBJECTIVE: The increasing prevalence of suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting to emergency departments (EDs) requires a rapid and reliable triaging tool. The diagnostic performance of chest computed tomography (CT) has yet to be validated for triaging cases in the ED. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of chest CT compared to GeneXpert Xpress Xpert severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test in rapidly diagnosing COVID-19 among patients with respiratory symptoms presenting to the ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-center study at Tripoli University Hospital including cases with respiratory symptoms who underwent chest CT as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for suspected COVID-19 between May 18 and August 18, 2020. RESULTS: A total of 1240 cases were included, among whom 570 had radiologically evident COVID-19 on chest CT (46%). Five hundred and sixty-five cases had positive PCR results (45.6%), of whom 557 had radiologically evident COVID-19 on chest CT (97.7%). The calculated accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 98%, 98.5%, 98%, 97.7%, and 98.8%, respectively, in relation to the PCR results. CONCLUSION: During the current pandemic, chest CT is a quick and reliable diagnostic tool for COVID-19 in the ED.
Nader Shalaka(11-2021)

More Abstract This work shares Libyan experiences with medical education accreditation, as well as the challenges that the system faced in meeting the criteria of the World Federation of Medical Education (WFME). WFME, which was founded in 1972, is an international organization concerned with the education and training of medical doctors. WFME was initiated on the initiative of the WHO and the World Medical Association (WMA) with the goal of reviewing bodies that accredit basic medical education. The worldwide task force on accreditation in medical education was founded in 2004 by WHO and the WFME. In the same year, 26 members from 23 countries representing all six WHO–WFME regions assembled to discuss how WHO and WFME could assist in the establishment of long-term accrediting systems to ensure high-quality medical education. By 2024, all candidates must obtain a graduation certificate from a program certified by an entity that meets WFME or other international requirements for an accrediting system, according to the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates. Thereafter, accreditation for all health training programs by 2020 was indorsed as part of the WHO’s Worldwide Strategy on human resources for health: workforce 2030 and was recommended by the WMA. In response to these regulations, the NCQAA has started to prepare “the National Standards Manual for Basic Medical Education” and further connect with all Libyan medical faculties to comply with these criteria, while linking with the WFME. This is based on the WHO endorsement that all countries to apply accreditation mechanisms for health training institutions by 2020. Now it is a time to call for a rigorous auditing system in addition to assessment mechanisms in order to warrant ongoing quality control, and the quality control agency should be self-governing of external encouragement and have only an academic agenda. Finally, all medical schools that have decided to be recognized by the WFME, must have strengthened their ability to face challenges and start adapting these regulations and standards. The construction of networks, alliances, and associations between Libyan medical faculties are encouraged as an efficient approach for implementing and obtaining this accreditation.
Ahmed Elbadri M Atia(11-2021)

Background and Objectives: Compliance of community pharmacies with the proper practice of storage and dispensing of medicines is crucial for ensuring the quality and safety of medicines, particularly with the circumstance of recurrent electricity blackout in Libya. This study was aimed to assess the compliance of community pharmacies with the proper practice of drug storage in Tripoli city, Libya. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey conducted in November 2020 targeting a total of 56 community pharmacies in Tripoli, Libya. The questionnaire was adapted from the WHO Checklist for Good Storage Practices and included 41 questions organized under five sections: socio-demographics, pharmacist’s attitude toward the quality of storage practices, queries on environmental storage conditions, the quality of facilities in the community pharmacy, and queries on storage and pharmacy practices. Data were presented as descriptive statistics. Results: Out of the total 56 visited pharmacies, a total of 46 (82.1%) pharmacists participated in the study with one pharmacist being interviewed in every pharmacy. Results showed that 15% of employees reported variety of cleanliness regulatory depending on cutting off running water circumstances in Tripoli and other reasons. About 78.8% participants observed dust in shelves and over the drugs packaging, and 22% of the participant pharmacies’ drugs exposure to direct sunlight. Additionally, 72% of employee experienced high temperatures in the pharmacy during electricity blackouts, whereas only 48% of them experienced humidity. In addition, 91.4% had alternative source of electricity, 44.3% had a power backup connected to the refrigerators. Conclusion: The compliance of majority of the community pharmacies operated in Tripoli is below standard. There is still need to improve the storage practices in the community pharmacies by obeying with the regulatory standards as specified by the Drug Regulatory Authority of Libya.
Ahmed Elbadri M Atia(5-2021)

The most common preparation of tocotrienols is the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF). This study aimed to investigate whether TRF induced liver Nrf2 nuclear translocation and influenced the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes. Methods: In the Nrf2 induction study, mice were divided into control, 2000 mg/kg TRF and diethyl maleate treated groups. After acute treatment, mice were sacrificed at specific time points. Liver nuclear extracts were prepared and Nrf2 nuclear translocation was detected through Western blotting. To determine the effect of increasing doses of TRF on the extent of liver nuclear Nrf2 translocation and its implication on the expression levels of several Nrf2-regulated genes, mice were divided into 5 groups (control, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg TRF, and butylated hydroxyanisole-treated groups). After 14 days, mice were sacrificed and liver RNA extracted for qPCR assay. Results: 2000 mg/kg TRF administration initiated Nrf2 nuclear translocation within 30 min, reached maximum level around 1 h and dropped to half-maximal levels by 24 h. Incremental doses of TRF resulted in dose-dependent increases in liver Nrf2 nuclear levels, along with concomitant dose-dependent increases in the expressions of Nrf2-regulated genes. Conclusion: TRF activated the liver Nrf2 pathway resulting in increased expression of Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective genes.
Ahmed Elbadri M Atia(9-2020)

More Please check this summary of your article Test We're testing a new feature which would provide a 1-sentence summary of an article to help others quickly decide if it is relevant for them. We need your help to find out how accurate this automatically generated summary is. This summary is for testing purposes – only you can see it. Summary The adequacy of information given to consumers on over-the-counter medications dispensed in community pharmacies in Tripoli, Libya, and compared the performance Thank you for your help! Your feedback will help improve this feature. Very good How would you summarize your article in 1 sentence? Help us improve the quality of this feature by writing your own summary. Others will not see your summary. Enter your 1-sentence summary (max 300 characters) Do you have any other feedback about this feature? Enter your feedback Submit Abstract and figures Background: Adherence to pharmacy practice guidelines for dispensing medications in pharmacy settings is important to ensure the safe use of medications. Aims: This study assessed the pattern and adequacy of information given to consumers on over-the-counter medications dispensed in community pharmacies in Tripoli, Libya, and compared the performance of pharmacists and non-pharmacists. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of private community pharmacies conducted in 2018 . Trained simulated patients were used to collect data on over-the-counter medications dispensed for hypothetical common cold symptoms and the information given by the pharmacy staff on the medication. This information included: name and the strength of the medication, indication for use, duration of use, dosage, how often to take the medicine, timing (before/after/with food), storage, expiry date, and side-effects of the medicine. Time taken to deliver the information was recorded. The adequacy of information provided by the pharmacists and non-pharmacists was compared. Results: A total of 169 pharmacists were surveyed. There were no significant differences between pharmacists and non-pharmacists in information given on the dispensed medications, except for information on taking the medication with food or not (84.5% of pharmacists gave this information versus 57.1% of non-pharmacists; P = 0.001) and on potential side-effects (39.4% of pharmacists versus 20.3% of non-pharmacists; P = 0.014). Significantly more pharmacists (85.9%) than non-pharmacists (61.2%) provided the medication-related information in less than 1 minute (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The inadequate information on medications provided by pharmacists is a concern for patient safety. Health regulatory organizations need to promote safe medication practices.
Ahmed Elbadri M Atia(7-2020)